生活型

tree-shrub

形態特徵

• Scandent shrubs or small bushy tree, up to 4 m high; glabrous or pubescent (always in young branchlets), branchlets of two kinds, persistent or deciduous and flower-bearing, the latter slender, steeply ascending.
• Leaves varying in shape, size, texture, mostly elliptic, 1–3.5 (5) cm long, 0.5–2 (4) cm broad, chartaceous, lateral veins 5–7 on each side, conspicuously raised, particularly beneath, obtuse or round at apex, cuneate at base; petiole short, 1–3 mm long; stipules lanceolate, 1–1.5 mm long, margin ciliate.
• Flowers in axillary fascicles, bisexual, Staminate flowers up to 10, Pistillate flowers 1–2; calyx-lobes 5–6, in 2 or 3 series, unequal; disc 5-segmented in both sexes. Staminate flowers: sepals not spreading, white with one red vein; stamens 5, erect, in two sets: three (or two) with longer filaments coherent in a central column, two (or three) with shorter filaments, free and displaced to the sides, pistillode absent or very minute; pedicel 3–10 mm long. Pistillate flowers: sepals closely investing the ovary, green; style erect and short, bifid, free but inflexing and connivent over the top of the ovary as an irregular furrowed mass of stigmatic tissue; ovary oblate-spheroidal, smooth, not sulcate, carpels 5–10; pedicel subterete, slender, 3–8 mm long.
• Fruit a berry, globose to oblate, 4–6 (9) mm across, black with dark purplish at maturity, with 8–16 seeds. Seeds trigonous, 1.6–2 mm long.

分布

• 台灣 : Throughout the central, southern parts of the island, very common.
• 世界 : Widespread in the Old World from west Africa to India, Ceylon, China, Indonesia, the Philippines and Queensland.

引證標本

CHANGHUA: Pakuashan, Deng 380. NANTOU: Sun-moon Lake, Kudo & Sasaki 15284. CHIAYI: Tapu, Deng 628. KAOHSIUNG: Ape's hill, Chang 1927; Liukuei, Chuang & Kao 3189. PINGTUNG: Hengchun, Wang 12715; Wutai, Yang & Lin 23177. TAITUNG: Chihpen, Hsu & Kao 3397, Is. Lanyu, Chang 16803; Is. Lutao, Kudo & Mori 181.

參考文獻

• HUANG, TSENG-CHIENG, Flora of Taiwan, second edition 3: 496-497. .  (Fl. Taiwan 2nd edit.)