生活型

herb

形態特徵

• Viola formosana var. formosana, Perennial herb; rhizome erect, short, stout, usually with long stolons, the stolons rooting at ends and producing dense rosettes of leaves and flowers.
• Leaves 1–3 cm long, 1–3 cm broad, broadly cordate to orbicular, deeply cordate at base, acute to rounded or obtuse at apex, crenate on margin, wingless, glabrous to slightly pubescent, sometimes pillose at the sinus between the crenae, glaucous or greenish-violet beneath, chartaceous; petioles 1–10 cm long, glabrous or slightly pilose; stipules 3–5 mm long, 0.5–1.2 mm broad, lanceolate, acuminate at apex, fimbriate at apex, fimbriate or laciniate on margin, almost free.
• Flowers 14–22 mm across, violet to almost white with darker veins; peduncles 4–15 cm long, slender, usually much exceeding leaves, glabrous or sparsely pilose; sepals 3–5 mm long, 0.5–1.5 mm broad, lanceolate, obtusely acuminate at apex, entire, glabrous; appendage ca. 1 mm long, squarish, glabrous; petals ovately cuneate, the basal longest, deeply emarginate at apex, upper and lateral ones beardless, truncate at apex; spurs slender, 5–7 mm long, exceeding calycine appendages, cylindrical obtuse; styles 1.2–1.6 mm long, geniculate at base, thickened distally, apex slightly lobes on both sides with inconspicuously anterior stigmatic beak.
• Capsules 4–6 mm long, globose to ellipsoid, glabrous. Seeds ovoid, ca. 1 mm long.
• Chromosome number n=11.

分布

• 台灣 : Endemic.

引證標本

TAIPEI: Wantan, Kawakami 58 (Type of V. formosana, TI!). ILAN: Taipingshan, Huang et al. 10781; Yuanyang Lake, Wang 5012. TAOYUAN: Lalashan, Huang 7670. HSINCHU: Mt. Yura, Simada 2389c. MIAOLI: Shihtoushan, Hsieh s. n. 1929. TAICHUNG: Chungyanchienshi-Nanhushi, Wang 3582. NANTOU: Tsueifeng-Hohuanshan, Ying 1759. CHIAYI: Alishan, Wang 4206. KAOHSIUNG: Kwanshan, Wang 4233. TAITUNG: Hsinkanshan, Yamamoto 902. HUALIEN: Chingshuishan, Wang 2309.

參考文獻

• WANG, JENN-CHE and HUANG, TSENG-CHIENG, Flora of Taiwan, second edition 3: 819. 1993.  (Fl. Taiwan 2nd edit.)