Violaceae

堇菜科

APG 4

Violaceae 堇菜科

特徵描述

屬列表

標本列表

特徵描述

作者

WANG, JENN-CHE and HUANG, TSENG-CHIENG

型態特徵

Herbs, rarely shrubs. Leaves alternate, rarely opposite, simple; stipules leafy or small. Flowers in Taiwan solitary in the leaf axils, bisexual, zygomorphic, sometimes cleistogamous; sepals 5, persistent; petals 5, unequal, the anterior one often spurred; stamens 5, hypogynous, closely connivent in a ring around the ovary, the anthers 2-celled, introrse, the top produced a membranaceous appendage convering with others, the lower two often spurred, longitudinally dehiscent; pistil 1, ovary superior, unilocular with generally 3 carpels, parietal; ovules many, antropous. Fruit a 3-valved capsule. Seeds many, sessile; endosperm fleshy; embryo straight.

屬

About 17 genera and 900 species, cosmopolitan. Two genera in Taiwan.

參考文獻

WANG, JENN-CHE and HUANG, TSENG-CHIENG, Flora of Taiwan, second edition 3: 805. 1993. (Fl. Taiwan 2nd edit.)

Viola 堇菜屬

作者

WANG, JENN-CHE and HUANG, TSENG-CHIENG

型態特徵

Perennial herb. Leaves alternate, petiolate; blade suborbicular to linear-lanceolate, the margin serrate to crenate; stipules free or adnate to petiole, persistent, usually fimbriate or serrate, sometimes nearly entire. Flowers axillary, bisexual, zygomorphic, solitary, with a pair of bracteoles in the half of the peduncles; sepals 5, nearly equal, entire to denticulate, with appendages at base, persistent; petals 5, unequal, the lower one spurred at base, the lateral pair often bearded inside; stamens 5, connivent around the gynoecium; anther 2-celled, subsessile, connective produced into an apical appendage, the lower two bearing appendages projecting into the spur; ovary 1-celled, glabrous or pubescent, ovules numerous, on 3-parietal placentas; style straight or geniculate at base, filiform to conspicously clavate, often lobed or more or less dilated at apex, with a openning of stigmatic cavity terminal or anterior and subterminal. Fruit a 3-valved capsule, globose to ellipsoidal; valves boat-shaped, usually with thick rigid keels. Seeds numerous, ovoid or ellipsoidal with crustaceous testa.