Gastrodia 赤箭屬
型態特徵
Terrestrial saprophytic herbs without chlorophylls. Rhizomes horizontal, tuberous, densely noded, often pubescent, with scales on node, rarely with coral-like roots. Stem erect, scaly on nodes. Leaves absent. Inflorescence terminal, racemose, bearing few to many bracteate flowers. Flowers resupinate, fleshy; ovary pedicellate, pedicels elongated in fruit or not; sepals and petals united, forming a 5-lobed perianth tube, or forming a urceolate structure being split between lateral sepals, petal lobes located near sinus of sepal lobes, smaller than sepal lobes; lip adnate to apex of column-foot, embraced by perianth tube, or rarely adnate to perianth tube, not lobed or rarely 3-lobed, clawed at base, blade often mobile, disc with or without lamellae or calli; column fairly long, erect on top of ovary, more or less semicylindrical, straight, narrowly 2-winged near apex, often with foot at base, rarely with ventral appendage; anther terminal on column, incumbent, pollinia 2, soft, granular, without viscidium; stigma single, near base or rarely near top on ventral side of column; rostellum small or rarely absent. Capsules cylindrical or ellipsoid.
Ca. 25 species, from the Himalaya eastward to Japan, and southward through Malaysia to Australia and New Zealand. Nine species found in Taiwan.
種列表
- Gastrodia albida 白赤箭
- Gastrodia appendiculata 無蕊喙赤箭
- Gastrodia callosa 緋赤箭
- Gastrodia clausa 閉花赤箭
- Gastrodia confusa 八代赤箭
- Gastrodia confusoides 擬八代赤箭
- Gastrodia elata 高赤箭
- Gastrodia flavilabella 夏赤箭
- Gastrodia flexistyla 摺柱赤箭
- Gastrodia fontinalis 春赤箭
- Gastrodia gracilis 山赤箭
- Gastrodia kaohsiungensis 高雄赤箭
- Gastrodia nantoensis 南投赤箭
- Gastrodia nipponica 日本赤箭
- Gastrodia peichatieniana 北插天山赤箭
- Gastrodia pubilabiata 冬赤箭
- Gastrodia rubinea 紅寶石赤箭
- Gastrodia shimizuana 清水氏赤箭
- Gastrodia sp.
- Gastrodia stapfii 黃赤箭
- Gastrodia sui 蘇氏赤箭
- Gastrodia theana 短柱赤箭
- Gastrodia uraiensis 烏來赤箭
