Aristolochiaceae

馬兜鈴科

APG 4

Aristolochiaceae 馬兜鈴科

特徵描述

屬列表

標本列表

特徵描述

作者

HOU, DING

型態特徵

Herbs, undershrubs or shrubs, or lianas, woody stems often with broad medullary rays in transverse section. Leaves simple, alternate, exstipulate, petioled; blades entire or lobed, sometimes polymorphic, the nervation palmate or pinnate. Flowers bisexual, actinomorphic or zygomorphic, solitary, fasciculate, or often in axillary, racemose inflorescences, pedicelled, bracts or bracteoles often present. Perianth (calyx) usually lurid, petaloid, gamosepalous, variously 3-lobed, or unilateral (or 1-lipped). Petals absent, rarely with 1 or more vestigial ones (Asarum). Stamens 6 or 12, in 1 or 2 whorls, free or adnate to the style column, sessile or filamentous; anthers extrorse, dehiscing longitudinally. Ovary inferior, half-inferior, or nearly superior, 6-loculed, with parietal or axial placentae; ovules often many, anatropous, in 2 vertical rows in each locule; styles 6, free, or united into a column and free or (3-) 6 (or more)-lobed at the apex; stigmas terminal or lateral. Fruit a capsule or a berry-like capsule. Seeds often many, flat (upper side) or concave-convex (under side); endosperm fleshy, copious; embryo minute, cotyledons two, distinct.

屬

A family of about seven genera containing about 600 species, chiefly in tropics and subtropics, some in the north temperate zone. Two genera with 11 species in Taiwan. Some species are esteemed for medicinal uses.

參考文獻

HOU, DING, Flora of Taiwan, second edition 2: 636. 1996. (Fl. Taiwan 2nd edit.)

Asarum 細辛屬

作者

HUANG, SHING-FAN

型態特徵

Perennial herbs. Rhizomes short or elongate, creeping or ascending, hairy or glabrous. Adventitious roots many along rhizome. Cataphylls leafy or scaly, sessile, membranous, hyaline, caducous, on the lower part of annual vegetative or flowering branches. Leaves petiolate; petioles long, grooved or flat, margin thickened, hairy when young, gradually deciduous; blade ovate or triangular, cordate at base, usually albo-maculate above, pale green or purple beneath. Flower solitary, pedicellate; sepals 3, free at base or not; calyx tube ridged inside or not, constricted above forming an orifice; orifice with rim appendage or not; appendage present or not between orifice and calyx lobes; calyx lobes 3; stamens 12 in two whorls; filaments longer or shorter than connective; ovaries 6, inferior or superior, fused; styles 6, fused or free, bi-lobed at apex or not; stigma terminal or lateral. Fruit a capsule, calyx persistent. Seeds many, ovate.