生活型

herb

形態特徵

• Perennial herbs, up to 3 m tall. Stems woody at the base, much branched, pubescent, 4-angled.
• Leaves aromatic, opposite, simple, blade ovate to broadly ovate, 2-8 cm long and 2-7 cm wide, acute to obtuse at the apex, subcordate, rounded to truncate at the base, with glandular spots on both surfaces; upper surface slightly puberulent to glabrous, lower densely pubescent; margins serrate to double serrate; petioles 0.5-3.5 cm long.
• Inflorescences of verticillate cymes ca. 5 mm long and wide, axillary with 1-4 cm peduncles or terminal in panicles up to 15 cm long. Flowers sessile; bracts filiform, 3 mm long, pubescent; calyx campanulate-tubular, 10-ribbed, pubescent, 2-3 mm long including 5 lobes, the lobes bristle-like, 1.3-1.5 mm long, with tufts of white trichomes ca. 0.3 mm long between lobes; corolla tubular, pink or white flushed with violet, 3-4 mm long, puberulent above the middle, the limb bilabiate, with remotely trichomes on the lower surface, upper lip oblong ovate to ovate, emarginate to bilobed, ca. 1.5 mm long and 1.7 mm wide, with a depression below the middle, puberulent within below the depression, lower 3-lobed, lateral lobes lanceolate ovate 1 mm long and 0.7 mm wide, middle lobes broadly ovate, emarginate, 1 mm long and wide, the edges abruptly incurved and forming a pouch, dark violet; stamens 4, didynamous, inserted the base of the corolla lobes, shortly exserted, filament white flushed with violet, the anterior pair 1 mm long, glabrous, the posterior shorter, 0.8 mm long, long white haired on the upper surface, anthers reddish brown, 0.3 mm long; style gynobasic shortly exserted, 2.5 mm long, white flushed with violet; stigma 2-parted, 0.1 mm long, white when anthesis; ovary 4-parted, whitish yellow, each part oblong, 0.2 mm long; disk 0.3 mm long, whitish yellow.
• Nutlets 4, oblong, compressed, 1.2 mm long and 0.5 mm wide, black, subrugose, enclosed within the persistent calyx.

分布

• 台灣 : at lowlands in the eastern part. It is seen along roadsides or waste places.
• 世界 : native to tropical America, commonly distributed from Mexico, South Florida to Venezuela, also naturalized to Hawaii and Java.

引證標本

Hualien co.: Gi-an Hsiang, Chonyung Rd., roadside, on waste ground, 20 April 2004, Chen s. n.; Hualien city, Chenkuo Rd., roadside, August, 2000, Chen s. n. (all at HLTC). Ilan co.: Chiau-shi Hsiang, near Longtan Lake, 11 May 2002, Yeng s. n. (HLTC).

參考文獻

• Shih-Huei Chen and Ming-Jou Wu, Taiwania 50(1): 29-39. 2005.