生活型

herb

形態特徵

• Perennial with short oblique woody rhizome and rather stout roots.
• Leaves radical and 1 or 2 upper cauline; blades broadly linear, folded toward base, flattish plicate above, 10-23 mm wide, 6-130 cm long, rigidly herbaceous, fresh-green above, whitish below, often tinged with purple or red beneath on lower part, gradually tapering to acute tip, cauline leaf sheaths tightly clothing culm-internode, tinged with light purple or cinnamon-brown, basal sheaths 2-15 cm long, reddish brown to purple. Leaves radical and 1 or 2 upper cauline; blades broadly linear, folded toward base, flattish plicate above, 10-23 mm wide, 6-130 cm long, rigidly herbaceous, fresh-green above, whitish below, often tinged with purple or red beneath on lower part, gradually tapering to acute tip, cauline leaf sheaths tightly clothing culm-internode, tinged with light purple or cinnamon-brown, basal sheaths 2-15 cm long, reddish brown to purple. Leaves radical and 1 or 2 upper cauline; blades broadly linear, folded toward base, flattish plicate above, 10-23 mm wide, 6-130 cm long, rigidly herbaceous, fresh-green above, whitish below, often tinged with purple or red beneath on lower part, gradually tapering to acute tip, cauline leaf sheaths tightly clothing culm-internode, tinged with light purple or cinnamon-brown, basal sheaths 2-15 cm long, reddish brown to purple. Culms central, 35-90 cm tall, 1-3 mm thick below, trigonous, smooth except below inflorescence, distantly 1- or 2-nodose.
• Inflorescence a compound corymb, hemispherical or broadly ovoid in outline, 2-7 cm tall, 3-10 cm wide, densely bearing many spikelets, axis 3- or 4-nodose, 2-5 cm long, hispid on angles; branches spreading to obliquely ascending, single to 3-nate, 1.5-3 cm long, clothed at base with a prophyll 4-13 mm long. Bracts 2 or 3, leaf like, none sheathing, lowest much surpassing f corymb, 10-40 cm long, second equalling to slightly longer than corymb, third setaceous to spathaceous. Spikelets short, 1-7 mm long, peduncled, globose to ellipsoid, 3-7 mm long, 2.5-6 mm wide, densely many-flowered.
• Glumes ovate-orbicular to elliptic, 1.3-2.5 mm long, 1.2-2 mm wide, rounded to apex, membranaceous, light brown and lineolate with deep brown. Prophylls free or more or less connate on abaxial side, 1.2-1.8 mm long. Fruit much exserted over glume, broadly ovate, thickly biconvex, 1.8-3 mm long, 1.3-1.5 mm wide, yellow brown to rusty-brown, densely spotted with dark red-brown tannin cells, irregularly 2-5-ridged on both sides, rounded below, abruptly attenuate above to a short conical beak; stigmas 2.

分布

• 世界 : Tropical and subtropical forests. Widely distributed from India through Indochina to Taiwan and to Malesia and Polynesia.

引證標本

TAIPEI: Sepiteisho-Kanko, Hatusima (KYO, type of H. formosanum); Keelung Beauchamp 1258; Hsiaochantou, Hsu 1027. TAITUNG: Lanyu Is., Hsu s. n.

參考文獻

• KOYAMA, Tetsuo, KUOH, Chang-Sheng & LEONG, Wai-Chao, Flora of Taiwan, second edition 5: 283. 2000.  (Fl. Taiwan 2nd edit.)