生活型

shrub-herb

形態特徵

• An erect annual herb or undershrub, 0.1–1.25 m high; old stems terete, glabrescent, greyish-brown, longitudinally grooved, rough, lenticellate; young shoots and floral axes patently pilose; hairs long, simple and hoary.
• Leaves membranaceous, elliptic or ovate, 5–11.5 cm long, 2–7 cm wide, caudate acute at apex, rounded or obtuse at base, sometimes oblique, 3-nerved, serrate-dentate, sometimes slightly lobed; upper surface green, covered with long, simple hairs; lower surface greyish-green, covered with long, mostly simple and rarely stellate hairs; young leaves and nerves densely pilose; lower leaves usually broader than the upper ones; petioles 2–6.5 cm long, green, pilose; stipules 2, 0.5 cm long, lanceolate, hirsute along margins.
• Inflorescence axillary; cymes of 2–4 cymules in condense nodose clusters; peduncles 2–6 mm long; pedicels 1–1.5 mm long; bracteoles lanceolate, 2.5–3 mm long; buds oblong, 3–4 mm long, with apical appendages 0.7 mm long, densely pubescent; sepals 5, lanceolate, apiculate, 4.5–6 mm long, 0.9–1 mm wide, the margins ciliate, almost glabrous and green without, glabrous and brownish-green within; petals 5, narrowly obovate, yellow, 3–4 mm long, 1.3–1.6 mm wide; gonophore short, 0.4 mm long; glands small, circular; stamens 10; filaments glabrous, retrorsely serrate, 3–3.5 mm long; ovary suborbicular-ovoid, about 1 mm long; spinules numerous, recurved upward; style 2–3 mm long, slim; stigma slightly acutely dentate.
• Capsules spinose, indehiscent or slighly dehiscent, subglobose; capsules 5–6 mm in diameter at maturity, glabrescent; spines 100–115, 4 mm long, pilose at base for 1/2–2/3 of length, hooked at tip, conically enlarged at base; loculi (3-)4, 2-seeded in each; seeds (4-)6, semiovate, 1.7 x 1.2 mm.

物候

Flowering time from July to January.

分布

• 台灣 : in fields or on open and weedy hillsides in the northern part of the island.
• 世界 : Tropics.

引證標本

TAIPEI: Suzuki 6130. TAOYUAN: Chiaopanshan, Sasaki s. n. 1915. HSINCHU: Tapin, Shimada s. n. 1907. NANTOU: Hoshe, Suzuki 100; Neihu, Lo. 32. CHIAYI: Chialiping, Hayata & Sasaki s. n. 1912. HUALIEN: Tailuko, Suzuki s. n. 1931.

參考文獻

• LIU, TANG-SHUI and LO, HANN-CHIANG, Flora of Taiwan, second edition 3: 733-735. .  (Fl. Taiwan 2nd edit.)