作者

WANG, Jenn-Che

型態特徵

Terrestrial, perennial herbs, aromatic. Stems subterranean, fleshy tuberous or rhizomatous, leaf sheaths connate into an aerial pseudostem. Leaves distichous, simple, outer ones usually reduced to sheaths and bladeless; leaf sheath open, ligulate; leaf blade lanceolate to narrowly strap-shaped, midrib prominent, lateral veins numerous, parallel, margin entire. Inflorescence a thyrse, sometimes a raceme or spike, terminal on pseudostems or on separate shoots arising from rhizomes, often with conspicuous bracts and bracteoles. Flowers bisexual, zygomorphic. Calyx tubular, apex 3-toothed. Corolla tubular at base, tube longer than calyx tube, distally 3-lobed. Stamens or staminodes 6, in 2 whorls, only median one of inner whorl fertile. Two lateral staminodes of inner whorl fused to form labellum. Two lateral staminodes of outer whorl petaloid, or reduced to small teeth, or adnate to labellum. Median staminode of outer whorl reduced. Fertile stamen with filament; anther 2-loculed, introrse, dehiscing longitudinally. Ovary inferior, 1-loculed with parietal or basal plancentation or 3-loculed with axile placentation; ovules numerous; style 1, slender; stigma funnel shaped, often ciliate on margin. Stylodes 2, reduced to nectaries at base of floral tube. Fruit a capsule, sometimes berrylike. Seeds few to many, with lobed or lacerate aril.

屬

A pantropical family of about 50 genera and 1,300 species; two subfamilies (ZINGIBEROIDEAE and COSTOIDEAE), five genera and 18 species in Taiwan. Species of the genera Cucurma and Kampferia, both cultivated in Taiwan, are not included here although they were formerly recorded in the Flora of Taiwan and in other taxonomic literatures.

參考文獻

• WANG, Jenn-Che, Flora of Taiwan, second edition 5: 707. 2000.  (Fl. Taiwan 2nd edit.)
• Burtt, B. L. and R. M. Smith, Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh 31: 177-227. 1972.  (Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh)
• Wu, T. L. and S. J. Chen, Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae 16(2): 26-149. 1981.  (Fl. Reip. Pop. Sin.)
• Smith, R. M, Edinburgh Journal of Botany 47(1): 44. 1990.  (Edinburgh J. Bot.)
• Yang, J. J. and J. C. Wang, Proc. Cross-Strait Symp. Florist. diversity Conserv 190. 1998.