Urticaceae
蕁麻科
特徵描述
註：依本站目前採用的分類系統，本科部分屬在《Flora of Taiwan》中分屬不同科，因此以下依植物誌使用的科名分列特徵描述。
[ Cecropiaceae 錐頭麻科 ]
作者
YANG, YUEN-PO and SHIH, BING-LING
型態特徵
Dioecious, terrestrial or epiphytic woody plants. Leaves spirally arranged, petiolate; stipules connate, mostly amplexicaul. Staminate inflorescences cymosely branched; perianth of staminate flowers with 2–4-lobes, free or connate; stamens 1–4; pistillode present or absent. Pistillate inflorescences pedunculate, a digitate cluster of spikes; perianth of pistillate flowers 2–4-lobed, tubular, persistent in fruit; ovary superior, stigma 1, ovule basal, subbasal or orthotropous. Endocarp crustaceous or woody, endosperm present or absent.
屬
Six genera with ca. 180 species in the tropics. One genus with one species in Taiwan.
參考文獻
[ Urticaceae 蕁麻科 ]
作者
YANG, YUEN-PO, SHIH, BING-LING and LIU, HO-YIH
型態特徵
Monoecious, dioecious or rarely polygamous herbs, shrubs, or trees, with or without stinging hairs; cystoliths usually present in epidermal cells. Leaves alternate or opposite, sometimes anisophyllous with nanophylls (reduced leaves), petiolate or sessile, usually stipulate. Inflorescences often cymose glomerules, or sessile and condensed cymes in leaf axils, sometimes a head or a single flower. Flowers minute, unisexual or rarely bisexual, actinomorphic or zygomorphic, mostly green; perianth a single whorl or rarely absent. Male flowers: perianth segments 2-5, mostly free or connate in lower half; stamens 2-5, inflexed in bud, anthers basifixed, longitudinally dehiscent, rudimentary ovary often present. Female flowers: perianth segments 2-5, free or somewhat completely connate; staminodes present or absent; ovary superior, 1-loculed, stigma capitate, penicillate, ligulate or filiform; ovule 1, basal. Fruit an achene or drupe, sometimes enclosed by persistent perianth; seed with thin testa; embryo straight, surrounded by oily endosperm.
參考文獻
Procris 烏來麻屬
作者
YANG, YUEN-PO, SHIH, BING-LING and LIU, HO-YIH
型態特徵
Monoecious or dioecious, shrubs, undershrubs or perennial herbs, usually epiphytic; stems often succulent. Leaves alternate or rarely opposite, mostly with nanophylls opposite normal leaves, pinnately nerved, short petiolate; stipules free, intrapetiolar. Inflorescences capitate, receptacle subglobose, or male flowers in pedunculate glomerules. Male flowers sessile in mixed inflorescences or pedicellate in male inflorescences; sepals 4 or 5, valvate; stamens 4 or 5; pistil rudimentary. Female flowers with 4 or 5 valvate sepals; stigma penicillate; ovary straight. Achenes laterally compressed.
About 20 species in warm temperate and tropical parts of the Old World. Only one species in Taiwan.
