Urticaceae
蕁麻科
特徵描述
註：依本站目前採用的分類系統，本科部分屬在《Flora of Taiwan》中分屬不同科，因此以下依植物誌使用的科名分列特徵描述。
[ Cecropiaceae 錐頭麻科 ]
作者
YANG, YUEN-PO and SHIH, BING-LING
型態特徵
Dioecious, terrestrial or epiphytic woody plants. Leaves spirally arranged, petiolate; stipules connate, mostly amplexicaul. Staminate inflorescences cymosely branched; perianth of staminate flowers with 2–4-lobes, free or connate; stamens 1–4; pistillode present or absent. Pistillate inflorescences pedunculate, a digitate cluster of spikes; perianth of pistillate flowers 2–4-lobed, tubular, persistent in fruit; ovary superior, stigma 1, ovule basal, subbasal or orthotropous. Endocarp crustaceous or woody, endosperm present or absent.
屬
Six genera with ca. 180 species in the tropics. One genus with one species in Taiwan.
參考文獻
[ Urticaceae 蕁麻科 ]
作者
YANG, YUEN-PO, SHIH, BING-LING and LIU, HO-YIH
型態特徵
Monoecious, dioecious or rarely polygamous herbs, shrubs, or trees, with or without stinging hairs; cystoliths usually present in epidermal cells. Leaves alternate or opposite, sometimes anisophyllous with nanophylls (reduced leaves), petiolate or sessile, usually stipulate. Inflorescences often cymose glomerules, or sessile and condensed cymes in leaf axils, sometimes a head or a single flower. Flowers minute, unisexual or rarely bisexual, actinomorphic or zygomorphic, mostly green; perianth a single whorl or rarely absent. Male flowers: perianth segments 2-5, mostly free or connate in lower half; stamens 2-5, inflexed in bud, anthers basifixed, longitudinally dehiscent, rudimentary ovary often present. Female flowers: perianth segments 2-5, free or somewhat completely connate; staminodes present or absent; ovary superior, 1-loculed, stigma capitate, penicillate, ligulate or filiform; ovule 1, basal. Fruit an achene or drupe, sometimes enclosed by persistent perianth; seed with thin testa; embryo straight, surrounded by oily endosperm.
參考文獻
Pilea 冷水麻屬
作者
YANG, YUEN-PO, SHIH, BING-LING and LIU, HO-YIH
型態特徵
Annual or perennial, monoecious or dioecious herbs or undershrubs. Leaves opposite, equally or very unequally paired; stipules intrapetiolar. Inflorescences axillary, dense or capitate glomerules or cymose-panicles, pedunculate; bracts free. Male flowers with 2-5 incompletely connate sepals; stamens 2-5; pistil rudimentary. Female flowers with 2-5 sepals; sepals usually unequal, free or connate at base; staminodes 2-5, scale-like; ovary glabrous; stigma deciduous, penicillate. Achenes laterally compressed, ovoid to spheroid.
About 600 species in warm and tropical regions; 13 species and 1 variety in Taiwan; ravines, moist forest floors and roadsides, sometimes on rocks, low to high altitudes.
參考文獻
種列表
- Pilea angulata 長柄冷水麻
- Pilea aquarum subsp. brevicornuta 短角冷水麻
- Pilea cadierei 白雪草
- Pilea crateraforma
- Pilea elliptifolia 橢圓葉冷水麻
- Pilea funkikensis 奮起湖冷水麻
- Pilea herniarioides 美洲冷水麻
- Pilea japonica 日本冷水麻
- Pilea matsudae 細尾冷水麻
- Pilea melastomoides 大冷水麻
- Pilea microphylla 小葉冷水麻
- Pilea nummulariifolia 古錢冷水花
- Pilea peploides 矮冷水麻
- Pilea peploides var. major 齒葉矮冷水麻
- Pilea plataniflora 西南冷水麻
- Pilea pumila 透莖冷水麻
- Pilea rotundinucula 圓果冷水麻
- Pilea somae 細葉冷水麻
- Pilea sp.
- Pilea swinglei 三角葉冷水麻
- Pilea tsiangiana 海南冷水花
