Urticaceae
蕁麻科
特徵描述
註：依本站目前採用的分類系統，本科部分屬在《Flora of Taiwan》中分屬不同科，因此以下依植物誌使用的科名分列特徵描述。
[ Cecropiaceae 錐頭麻科 ]
作者
YANG, YUEN-PO and SHIH, BING-LING
型態特徵
Dioecious, terrestrial or epiphytic woody plants. Leaves spirally arranged, petiolate; stipules connate, mostly amplexicaul. Staminate inflorescences cymosely branched; perianth of staminate flowers with 2–4-lobes, free or connate; stamens 1–4; pistillode present or absent. Pistillate inflorescences pedunculate, a digitate cluster of spikes; perianth of pistillate flowers 2–4-lobed, tubular, persistent in fruit; ovary superior, stigma 1, ovule basal, subbasal or orthotropous. Endocarp crustaceous or woody, endosperm present or absent.
屬
Six genera with ca. 180 species in the tropics. One genus with one species in Taiwan.
參考文獻
[ Urticaceae 蕁麻科 ]
作者
YANG, YUEN-PO, SHIH, BING-LING and LIU, HO-YIH
型態特徵
Monoecious, dioecious or rarely polygamous herbs, shrubs, or trees, with or without stinging hairs; cystoliths usually present in epidermal cells. Leaves alternate or opposite, sometimes anisophyllous with nanophylls (reduced leaves), petiolate or sessile, usually stipulate. Inflorescences often cymose glomerules, or sessile and condensed cymes in leaf axils, sometimes a head or a single flower. Flowers minute, unisexual or rarely bisexual, actinomorphic or zygomorphic, mostly green; perianth a single whorl or rarely absent. Male flowers: perianth segments 2-5, mostly free or connate in lower half; stamens 2-5, inflexed in bud, anthers basifixed, longitudinally dehiscent, rudimentary ovary often present. Female flowers: perianth segments 2-5, free or somewhat completely connate; staminodes present or absent; ovary superior, 1-loculed, stigma capitate, penicillate, ligulate or filiform; ovule 1, basal. Fruit an achene or drupe, sometimes enclosed by persistent perianth; seed with thin testa; embryo straight, surrounded by oily endosperm.
參考文獻
Lecanthus 盤花麻屬
作者
YANG, YUEN-PO, SHIH, BING-LING and LIU, HO-YIH
型態特徵
Annual or perennial, monoecious herbs. Leaves opposite, serrate or dentate; stipules intrapetiolar. Flowers unisexual, on a discoid receptacle; receptacles axillary, solitary, male and female flowers in the same or in separate receptacles. Male flowers with 4 or 5 incompletely connate sepals; sepals imbricate; stamens 4 or 5; pistils rudimentary. Female flowers with 3 or 4 sepals; sepals unequal, valvate, connate at base; staminodes 3 or 4; ovary glabrous; stigma deciduous, penicillate. Achenes oblong or ovoid-oblong, glabrous.
One polymorphic species; Africa, southern Asia and the Pacific Islands.
