特徵描述
作者
LIU, TANG-SHUI and LO, HANN-CHIANG
型態特徵
Mucilaginous trees or shrubs, infrequently herbs, generally covered with stellate, sometimes simple hairs, or lepidote scales. Leaves alternate, rarely opposite, entire or more or less dentate or lobed, stipulate, petiolate; stipules paired, fugacious or absent. Inflorescence axillary or terminal, often opposite a leaf, sometimes borne on the stem, cymose, umbellate, paniculate or flowers generally bracteolate, small or large, hermaphroditic, sometimes imperfect, generally actinomorphic, sometimes calyculate; calyx usually valvate, seldom imbricate, gamo- or poly-sepalous; sepals (2–3-)4–5(–6–8), caduous, persistent or accrescent; petals 4–5(–6), sometimes sepaloid, rarely absent, contorted, imbricate or valvate, usually free, often glandular at base; stamens inserted on receptacle or gonophore, usually numerous, rarely less than 10, sometimes partially staminodial in hermaphroditic flowers, absent or staminodial in pistillate ones, free or shortly connate at base into a tube or into 5 or 10 phalanges; anthers usually 2-thecate, longitudinally dehiscent or apically porose; gynoecium with (1-)2–5(–10) syncarpous carpels, infrequently with 5–6 apocarpous carpels; ovary usually superior, rarely subinferior to inferior, sessile on receptacle or gonophore, some¬times borne on a gynophore, (1-)2 to many-celled; cells sometimes divided by false partitions, with (1-)2-many ovules in every cell and generally with axile placentation, infrequently parietal; style usually simple; stigma entire or more or less 2- to 10-lobed; ovules anatropous. Fruit baccate, drupaceous or capsular, smooth or spinose, sometimes winged, 2- to 10-locular, rarely 1-locular by abortion, variously dehiscent or indehiscent; seeds solitary to many in every loculus, sometimes pilose or arillate; with abundant or scanty albumen; embryo straight or slightly curved; cotyledons foliaceous, seldom carnose.
屬
About 36 genera with nearly 400 species, mostly in the tropics, few in temperate regions; five genera with 14 species in Taiwan.
參考文獻
Triumfetta 垂桉草屬
作者
LIU, TANG-SHUI and LO, HANN-CHIANG
型態特徵
Undershrubs or herbs, erect or more or less creeping, usually densely hairy; hairs stellate or simple; stems rough; pith obvious. Leaves simple, alternate, variably lanceolate to broadly ovate, entire or 3- or (5)-lobed or partite, irregularly serrate, with basal serrations usually glandular, 3- or 5-palminerved, petiolate, stipulate; stipules 2, usually large and persistent, rarely fugacious. Inflorescence cymose, usually axillary, sometimes terminal, generally consisting of numerous aggregate dichasia, peduncled, bracteolate; buds oblong; flowers pedicellate, hermaphroditic, actinomorphic, generally 5-merous, rarely 4- or 6-merous; sepals valvate, with apical appendages, usually pubescent without, glabrous within; petals sometimes absent, free, imbricate, shorter than sepals, usually ciliate at base, glandless; gonophore short, sometimes obsolete, bearing 5 manifest glands opposite the petals; glands sometimes united into a full ring or sometimes absent; a ciliate membranaceous urceole usually crowning the apex of gonophore and surrounding base of stamens; stamens (8-)10(–12); filaments free, surrounding ovary; anthers 2-thecate, introrse, more or less dorsifixed, longitudinally dehiscent; ovary superior, sessile on gonophore or infrequently borne on a very short gynophore, ellipsoid to orbicular, covered with many short, straight to recurved and hyaline spinules, 2- to 5-loculate, cells 2-ovulate; style filiforrm, the stigma entire or shortly 2- to 5-lobed. Fruit capsular, mostly sessile on slightly accrescent gonophore, covered with many tubercles, bristles or spines; spines elongating from the pericarp, glabrous or pilose, generally with hyaline, straight or hooked tips; fruit indehiscent or loculicidally dehiscent, (2-)3–5-¬locular or falsely 6–10-locular, the cells 2-seeded, infrequently 1-seeded and occasionally 1-celled with 1 seed by abortion; seeds pendulous, compressed-ovoid to pyriform, albuminous; embryo straight; cotyledons flat, foliaceous.
