作者

LI, HUI-LIN

型態特徵

Trees with alternate, stipulate, digitately compound, deciduous leaves. Inflorescence axillary or terminal. Flowers regular, perfect, medium or large. Calyx cup-shaped, truncate or irregularly 3–5-lobed. Petals 5, imbricate. Stamens pentadelphous, opposite the petals, divided above into few or numerous filaments. Ovary 5-celled, superior, free; stigmas 5 or 1 and obscurely 5-lobed; ovules many in each cell. Fruit a loculicidally 5-valved capsule. Seeds with woolly or silky hairs; endosperm scant or absent.

屬

Genera about 20, widely distributed in the tropical regions. Two genera introduced into Taiwan, one of which is naturalized.

參考文獻

作者

CHANG, CHING-EN Abutilon by YANG, ALECK TSUNG-YU

型態特徵

Herbs, soft-woody herbs, shrubs or trees, often clothed with stellate hairs. Leaves alternate, simple, entire or variously lobed, usually palmately veined, stipulate. Flowers usually bisexual, regular, often showy, solitary or in spikes, racemes or panicles. Calyx 5-lobed, often subtended by an epicalyx; petals 5, large, mostly twisted, stamens numerous, monadelphous, the staminal tube con¬spicuous, enclosing the gynoecium; anthers one-loculate, with thorny pollen grains. Ovary 5- to many-carpellate, the style-branches as many as or twice as many as carpels, the stigma often capitate to discoid or introrsely decurrent. Fruit commonly capsular or schizocarpous. Embryo curved, endospermous.

參考文獻

作者

LI, HUI-LIN and LO, HANN-CHUNG

型態特徵

Erect or prostrate, rarely scandent, herbs or shrubs, or trees (sometimes deciduous), with stellate hairs or scales, occasionally (partly) aculeate, without milky latex. Trees usually with prominent plank buttresses, crown generally with only a small number of orders of branching. Leaves spirally arranged or distichous, occasionally subopposite, simple, rarelypalmately compound, usually lepidote- or stellate-hairy, mostly pinnately nerved above basal nervation, very rarely entirely pinnately nerved; stalk often long and kneed; stipules free, mostly caducous. Flowers small to medium in size, in axils of leaves or fallen leaves, extra axillary (not rarely leaf opposed), cauliflorous, ramiflorous or terminal, mostly in cymes (very often combined into aggregates), clusters, heads, racemes, spikes, umbels, panicles or corymbs, sometimes solitary or boragoid, mostly dichlamydeous, actinomorphic (to zygomorphic), mostly bisexual, or by abortion unisexual, monoecious or polygamo-monoecious, subtended by bracts and/or bracteoles, or not so (bracts sometimes forming an epicalyx); receptacle usually not enlarged, sometimes forming a gynandrophore; disk present or absent; calyx connate, rarely almost free, occasionally bilabiate; lobes 3–8, often 5, rarely 2, valvate; petals free or basally adnate to androecium, 5 or 0, not rarely (partly)reduced, or asymmetric, (sinistrorsely or dextrorsely) contorted, sometimes clawed; androecium extraordinarily variable in structure; stamens 2-seriate, (4-)5, 10, 15-many, usually the oppositisepalous ones (rarely the oppostipetalous ones) fertile; filamens mostly obvious, free or usually fascicled (fascicles 1 to several, each bearing one or several stalked or sessile anthers; degree of concrescence of filaments different, upper margin of variable structure), androphore sometimes present; anthers 2–3-celled; cells sometimes confluent, mostly longitudinally dehiscent, rarely poricidal; staminodes absent or present, sometimes petaloid, occasionally a few together; gynoecium syncarp to apocarp (carpels entirely free, each with distinct style, to entirely connate, with 1 style; in intermediate cases the carpels are shortly basally connate, or free as is lower part of style; upper part of style, however, connate), sessile or sometimes on a stalk which may be fused to stamen column (androgynophore), ovary superior, in staminate flower reduced, 1–5(–12)-celled; ovules 2-many, rarely 1 in each cell; placenta axile; styles 1–6, free to connate; heterostyly observed; stigma entire, radiate or penicillate; pistillode present or absent; fruit various, dehiscent or indehiscent, dry or fleshy, mostly woody or coriaceous, smooth orarmed, mostly capsular (loculicidally, sometimes septicidally 5) valved, rarely combination of both modes), drupaceous or the carpels splitting into sessile or stalked, dehiscent or indehiscent, sometimes samaroid mericarps, 1-several-celled; seeds 1-many, alate or exalate; embryo curved or straight; sarcotesta sometimes present; endosperm copious or scanty or 0.

參考文獻

作者

LIU, TANG-SHUI and LO, HANN-CHIANG

型態特徵

Mucilaginous trees or shrubs, infrequently herbs, generally covered with stellate, sometimes simple hairs, or lepidote scales. Leaves alternate, rarely opposite, entire or more or less dentate or lobed, stipulate, petiolate; stipules paired, fugacious or absent. Inflorescence axillary or terminal, often opposite a leaf, sometimes borne on the stem, cymose, umbellate, paniculate or flowers generally bracteolate, small or large, hermaphroditic, sometimes imperfect, generally actinomorphic, sometimes calyculate; calyx usually valvate, seldom imbricate, gamo- or poly-sepalous; sepals (2–3-)4–5(–6–8), caduous, persistent or accrescent; petals 4–5(–6), sometimes sepaloid, rarely absent, contorted, imbricate or valvate, usually free, often glandular at base; stamens inserted on receptacle or gonophore, usually numerous, rarely less than 10, sometimes partially staminodial in hermaphroditic flowers, absent or staminodial in pistillate ones, free or shortly connate at base into a tube or into 5 or 10 phalanges; anthers usually 2-thecate, longitudinally dehiscent or apically porose; gynoecium with (1-)2–5(–10) syncarpous carpels, infrequently with 5–6 apocarpous carpels; ovary usually superior, rarely subinferior to inferior, sessile on receptacle or gonophore, some¬times borne on a gynophore, (1-)2 to many-celled; cells sometimes divided by false partitions, with (1-)2-many ovules in every cell and generally with axile placentation, infrequently parietal; style usually simple; stigma entire or more or less 2- to 10-lobed; ovules anatropous. Fruit baccate, drupaceous or capsular, smooth or spinose, sometimes winged, 2- to 10-locular, rarely 1-locular by abortion, variously dehiscent or indehiscent; seeds solitary to many in every loculus, sometimes pilose or arillate; with abundant or scanty albumen; embryo straight or slightly curved; cotyledons foliaceous, seldom carnose.

參考文獻