Solanaceae

茄科

APG 4

Solanaceae 茄科

特徵描述

屬列表

標本列表

特徵描述

作者

WILLIAM G. D'Arcy and PENG, Ching-I

型態特徵

Herbs, shrubs, small trees, or climbers. Stems and leaves with included phloem, sometimes prickly or thorny; hairs simple, branched, or stellate, sometimes glandular. Leaves alternate, solitary or paired, simple or pinnately compound, entire, dentate, lobed, or divided; stipules wanting. Inflorescences terminal and overtopped by continuing axes, but usually appearing axillary, extra-axillary, or leaf opposed, often apparently umbellate, racemose, paniculate, clustered, or flowers solitary. Flowers mostly bisexual, mostly 5-merous; calyx mostly partly lobed; petals united; stamens inserted within corolla, alternating with the lobes, alike or 1 or more reduced, anthers dehiscing longitudinally or by apical pores; ovary 2–5-locular; placentation mostly axile, ovules numerous; style single, terminal. Fruit a berry or capsule; seeds with copious endosperm; embryo mostly curved; fruiting calyx mostly persistent, often becoming enlarged.

屬

About 95 genera with 2,300 species; best represented in western tropical America, widespread in temperate and tropical regions; in Taiwan 10 genera (seven introduced) and 30 species. Some species are cultivated as ornamentals, medicinals or crop plants.

參考文獻

William G. D'Arcy and Peng, Ching-I, Flora of Taiwan, second edition 4: 549. 1998. (Fl. Taiwan 2nd edit.)
Kuang, K. Z. & A. M., Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae 67(1): 1-175. 1978. (Fl. Reip. Pop. Sin.)
Liu, Y. C. & C. H. Ou, Flora of Taiwan 4: 530-550. 1978. (Fl. Taiwan)
Zhang, Z. Y., A. M. Lu and W. G. D'Arcy, Flora of China Family 17: 300-332. 1994. (Fl. China)

Solanum 茄屬

作者

WILLIAM G. D'Arcy and PENG, Ching-I

型態特徵

Herbs, shrubs, climbers, or small trees, often prickly; hairs simple, branched, or stellate, sometimes glandular. Leaves solitary or paired, simple or pinnately compound, entire, dentate, lobed, or parted; mostly petiolate. Inflorescences axillary, extra-axillary, or leaf opposed, mostly racemose, paniculate, umbellate, fascicles or solitary flowers, without bracts; peduncle branched or not, sometimes obsolete. Flowers bisexual or plants andromonoecious, mostly radially symmetrical, mostly 5-merous; calyx lobed, splitting further at the sinuses; corolla white, blue, or purple (yellow), rotate or stellate; stamens inserted high of corolla tube, anthers often connivent or connate around the style, dehiscing by apical pores, often later splitting longitudinally; nectary wanting; ovary mostly 2-locular with enlarged placentae; ovules axile, numerous; stigma small. Berries mostly juicy or mucilaginous; calyx persistent, sometimes enlarged and enclosing the berry; seeds discoid or lenticular; embryo strongly curved, subperipheral.

The Flora of Taiwan, ed. 1 (1978) referred to Solanum alatum Moench., which is a synonym of Solanum villosum Mill., a red and orange-fruited species that does not occur in Taiwan. The Key to the Species in that treatment leads to Solanum americanum as treated below, but many of the specimens annotated in herbaria in Taiwan as Solanum alatum are actually Solanum nigrum.