作者

WILLIAM G. D'Arcy and PENG, Ching-I

型態特徵

Herbs, shrubs, small trees, or climbers. Stems and leaves with included phloem, sometimes prickly or thorny; hairs simple, branched, or stellate, sometimes glandular. Leaves alternate, solitary or paired, simple or pinnately compound, entire, dentate, lobed, or divided; stipules wanting. Inflorescences terminal and overtopped by continuing axes, but usually appearing axillary, extra-axillary, or leaf opposed, often apparently umbellate, racemose, paniculate, clustered, or flowers solitary. Flowers mostly bisexual, mostly 5-merous; calyx mostly partly lobed; petals united; stamens inserted within corolla, alternating with the lobes, alike or 1 or more reduced, anthers dehiscing longitudinally or by apical pores; ovary 2–5-locular; placentation mostly axile, ovules numerous; style single, terminal. Fruit a berry or capsule; seeds with copious endosperm; embryo mostly curved; fruiting calyx mostly persistent, often becoming enlarged.

屬

About 95 genera with 2,300 species; best represented in western tropical America, widespread in temperate and tropical regions; in Taiwan 10 genera (seven introduced) and 30 species. Some species are cultivated as ornamentals, medicinals or crop plants.

引用文獻

• William G. D'Arcy and Peng, Ching-I, Flora of Taiwan, second edition 4: 549. 1998.  (Fl. Taiwan 2nd edit., 台灣植物誌第二版)
• Kuang, K. Z. & A. M., Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae 67(1): 1-175. 1978.  (Fl. Reip. Pop. Sin.)
• Liu, Y. C. & C. H. Ou, Flora of Taiwan 4: 530-550. 1978.  (Fl. Taiwan, 台灣植物誌)
• Zhang, Z. Y., A. M. Lu and W. G. D'Arcy, Flora of China Family 17: 300-332. 1994.  (Fl. China)