特徵描述
作者
WILLIAM G. D'Arcy and PENG, Ching-I
型態特徵
Herbs, shrubs, small trees, or climbers. Stems and leaves with included phloem, sometimes prickly or thorny; hairs simple, branched, or stellate, sometimes glandular. Leaves alternate, solitary or paired, simple or pinnately compound, entire, dentate, lobed, or divided; stipules wanting. Inflorescences terminal and overtopped by continuing axes, but usually appearing axillary, extra-axillary, or leaf opposed, often apparently umbellate, racemose, paniculate, clustered, or flowers solitary. Flowers mostly bisexual, mostly 5-merous; calyx mostly partly lobed; petals united; stamens inserted within corolla, alternating with the lobes, alike or 1 or more reduced, anthers dehiscing longitudinally or by apical pores; ovary 2–5-locular; placentation mostly axile, ovules numerous; style single, terminal. Fruit a berry or capsule; seeds with copious endosperm; embryo mostly curved; fruiting calyx mostly persistent, often becoming enlarged.
屬
About 95 genera with 2,300 species; best represented in western tropical America, widespread in temperate and tropical regions; in Taiwan 10 genera (seven introduced) and 30 species. Some species are cultivated as ornamentals, medicinals or crop plants.
參考文獻
- William G. D'Arcy and Peng, Ching-I, Flora of Taiwan, second edition 4: 549. 1998. (Fl. Taiwan 2nd edit.)
- Kuang, K. Z. & A. M., Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae 67(1): 1-175. 1978. (Fl. Reip. Pop. Sin.)
- Liu, Y. C. & C. H. Ou, Flora of Taiwan 4: 530-550. 1978. (Fl. Taiwan)
- Zhang, Z. Y., A. M. Lu and W. G. D'Arcy, Flora of China Family 17: 300-332. 1994. (Fl. China)
Physaliastrum 散血丹屬
作者
WILLIAM G. D'Arcy and PENG, Ching-I
型態特徵
Shrubs or herbs; pubescence of simple hairs; stems dichotomously branched. Leaves simple, petiolate. Flowers in branch forks, occasionally axillary, solitary or sometimes 2 or 3 in clusters; peduncle short or obsolete. Flowers mostly radially symmetrical, 5-merous, long pedicellate, nodding; calyx short campanulate or conical, lobed to middle, lobes equal or not; corolla broadly campanulate to rotate, lobed to middle, lobes wide spreading, densely villous near base of tube, sometimes spotted; stamens inserted in corolla tube, filaments pubescent or glabrous, anthers dehiscing longitudinally; nectaries sometimes present; ovary 2-locular, ovules numerous. Fruit a juicy or fleshy berry enveloped in the enlarged fruiting calyx; fruiting calyx applied to berry or inflated, mostly open at apex, veins obscure or thickened into angles or ribs, mostly muricate or bristly with soft emergences that appear triangular and scalelike when dry, these sometimes localized on angles; seeds numerous, reniform-discoid, minutely pitted; embryo curved, subperipheral.
