Sapotaceae
山欖科
特徵描述
作者
LI, Hui-Lin and YANG, T. Y. Aleck
型態特徵
Trees or shrubs, usually with latex. Branchlets and young growth often ferrugineous-tomentose. Leaves spirally arranged or alternate, sometimes clustered at apex of branchlets; margin entire, petiolate or subsessile; stipules early deciduous or absent. Flowers bisexual or unisexual usually in axillary clusters, rarely solitary; cluster pedunculate or in raceme-like inflorescence, bracteolate. Calyx 1 whorl of usually 4–6 sepals, imbricate, or 2 whorls each with 2–4 sepals, valvate, persistent. Corolla lobes 1 or 2 times as many as sepals, usually entire. Stamens as many as and opposite corolla lobes to many and in 2 or 3 whorls; filaments usually short, inserted in throat of corolla tube; staminodes scaly to petal-like, alternate with stamens, or absent. Ovary superior, 2–8 locular, placentation axile; ovules 1 per cell, anatropous; style 1, often apically lobed. Fruits indehiscent, berries or drupes, 1–8-seeded. Seeds ellipsoid, often compressed; seed coat hard, shiny, rich in tannin; seed scar lateral and linear to oblong or basal, rounded; endosperm usually oily; embryo straight.
屬
A pantropical family of about 107 genera and over 1,000 species; only 2 genera and 3 species in Taiwan.
參考文獻
Planchonella 山欖屬
作者
LI, Hui-Lin and YANG, T. Y. Aleck
型態特徵
Medium or small trees. Branchlets pubescent, glabrescent. Leaves alternate, opposite, or clustered at end of branchlets, coriaceous or subcoriaceous; petiolate; estipulate. Flowers bisexual or seldom unisexual, axillary, fascicled; sessile or pedicellate, pubescent; sepals (4–)5(–6), imbricate; corolla 5(or 6)-lobed, imbricate, glabrous, rarely pubescent outside; stamens 5(or 6), opposite corolla lobes, anthers ovate or lanceolate, staminodes 5(or 6), petal-like, alternate corolla lobes; disc absent or cupulate, ring-like, pubescent; ovary villous, rarely glabrous, (4-), 5(or 6-)celled, ovules laterally attached. Fruit a berry, sometimes woody, ellipsoid to globose. Seeds 1–6, compressed, ellipsoid, scar oblong, lateral.
About 100 species in tropical and subtropical Southeast Asia, southern China, Taiwan, Japan, Pakistan, India, Cambodia, Thailand, Malaysia, Vietnam, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, New Caledonia, Australia, New Zealand, Hawaii, the Seychelles and South America. Three species in mainland China (Hainan) and two in Taiwan.
