Santalaceae
檀香科
特徵描述
註：依本站目前採用的分類系統，本科部分屬在《Flora of Taiwan》中分屬不同科，因此以下依植物誌使用的科名分列特徵描述。
[ Loranthaceae 桑寄生科 ]
作者
CHIU, SHAU-TIN
型態特徵
Photosynthetic shrubby hemiparasites on tree branches, attached to the host by haustoria. Stems often dichotomously branched, nodes generally swollen. Leaves mostly opposite, simple, entire, or sometimes reduced to connate scales or absent, estipulate. Flowers bisexual or unisexual, actinomor-phic or zygomorphic, green to bright yellow or red, solitary or in dichasia, inflorescence sometimes resembling racemes, heads or umbels; calyx a toothed or lobed rim or cup adnate to top of ovary; petals 4–6, free or often with a basal tube equally or unequally cleft; stamens as many as and opposite and adnate to petals, anthers usually 2-locular, or 1-locular by confluence of loculi or transversely multilocular, dehiscing lengthwise or by transverse slits or terminal pores; rudimentary ovary often present in the male flowers, staminodes in female flowers; ovary inferior, 3- or 4-carpelled, 1-loculed, ovules not differentiated, style simple or absent, stigma often sessile. Fruit usually a berry or drupe, with latex; seeds1(–3) , without testa, often with more than 1 embryo; endosperm copious, starchy.
屬
About 70 genera and over 1,000 species, mostly tropical and warm temperate; four genera, seventeen species and two varieties in Taiwan.
參考文獻
[ Santalaceae 檀香科 ]
作者
YANG, YUEN-PO and LU, SHENG-YOU
型態特徵
Trees, shrubs or herbs, sometimes parasitic on roots of various plants. Leaves simple, alternate or opposite, entire, sometimes scale-like or absent, estipulate, veins inconspicuous. Inflorescence a spike, raceme or head. Flowers small, bisexual or unisexual, actinomorphic, bracteate and bracteolate; perianth superior or inferior, fleshy, 3–6(8)–lobed, lobes valvate or slightly imbricate, often with a tuft of hairs behind the stamens; stamens as many as and opposite the perianth lobes, anthers 2-locular, opening lengthwise; disc various, epigynous or perigynous or sometimes wanting; ovary inferior or half inferior, 1-locular, style simple, short; ovules 1–3, pendulous. Fruit a nut or drupe, indehiscent; seed subglobose or ovoid; testa wanting; endosperm copious, fleshy; embryo terete, erect.
參考文獻
Thesium 百蕊草屬
作者
YANG, YUEN-PO and LU, SHENG-YOU
型態特徵
Slender green herbs. Leaves alternate, linear, 1–3-veined. Flowers bisexual, solitary, axillary or in dichotomous cymes; bracts leaf-like; bracteoles usually 2, sometimes wanting; perianth superior, connate, perianth tube short, adnate to the ovary, 4–5-lobed; ovary inferior, style short or long, stigma capitate or lobulate; ovules 2–3, pendulous. Fruit nut-like, enclosed in the persistent perianth, subglobose; seed solitary.
About 325 species, mostly in temperate regions of the Old World, especially Africa and the Mediterranean region, few in Asia ans Sourth America. One species in Taiwan.
