Salicaceae
楊柳科
特徵描述
註：依本站目前採用的分類系統，本科部分屬在《Flora of Taiwan》中分屬不同科，因此以下依植物誌使用的科名分列特徵描述。
[ Flacourtiaceae 大風子科 ]
作者
LI, HUI-LIN and LO, HANN-CHUNG
型態特徵
Trees or shrubs, rarely scandent, mostly inermous, without milky latex. Leaves spirally arranged or distichous, rarely opposite, simple, petioled; blade often with base asymmetric; stipules usually small, rarely large, or absent. Flowers terminal, axillary or on old wood, solitary or in clusters or racemes, subtended by bracts, actinomorphic, bi- or unisexual and dioecious; sepals 3–6, rarely more, free or connate, imbricate or valvate, mostly persistent; petals 3–8, rarely more, or absent, imbricate or valvate; receptacle might deepen in the center, mostly with appendages as disk lobes, fine threads, petal-scales or staminodes; disk present or not, entire, lobed or dissolved into glands; stamens 5 to numerous, hypogynous, mostly free, or monadelphous; anther cells 2, longitudinally dehiscent; ovary mostly superior, rarely semi-inferior or inferior, 1-celled (except Flacourtia) with 2–10 parietal placentas, sometimes incompletely 2–10 celled by deeply penetrating placentas, each with 2 to numerous ovules; styles 1–10, free or connate; stigma sessile. Fleshy or dry berry, drup or loculicidally dehiscent capsule. Seeds 1 to many, sometimes arillate; endosperm copious; embryo axile; cotyledons mostly broad, foliaceous.
屬
Mostly tropics, 84 genera, ca 1,300 species. 6 genera with 6 species in Taiwan.
參考文獻
[ Salicaceae 楊柳科 ]
作者
YANG, KUOH-CHENG and HUANG, TSENG-CHIENG
型態特徵
Dioecious shrubs to trees. Leaves deciduous, simple, usually alternate, with deciduous stipules. Aments ascending or pendulous, developing before or with the leaves in early spring, solitary. Flowers simple, lacking a perianth, each subtended by a bract. Gland as protuberant nectary or cup-shaped disc. Stamens 2-30, free or connate. Ovary superior, bicarpellate, unilocular, stipitate or sessile; style present or absent; stigmas 2, entire or bifid, placentae parietal or basal. Capsules bivalvate. Seeds small; endosperm absent; embryo straight.
參考文獻
Xylosma 柞木屬
作者
LI, HUI-LIN and LO, HANN-CHUNG
型態特徵
Trees or shrubs, often with spines in axils. Leaves spirally arranged, chartaceous, pinnately nerved, mostly serrate-dentate; petioles short; stipules absent. Flowers axillary, in short, few-flowered racemes, mostly solitary, unisexual and dioecious; pedicels articulate near insertion, with small bracts; sepals 4–8, subconnate, imbricate, ciliate; petals absent; disk fleshy, more or less regularly 4–8-lobed or entire. Staminate flowers: stamens numerous, usually exserted; anthers subglobose, basifixed, subgibbous; pistillodes absent. Pistillate flowers: ovary sessile, 1-locular; placentas 2(–6), few-ovuled; stigma thick, 2–3-lobed, sessile or on a short style. Fruit a rather dry berry; pericarp mostly thin-coriaceous. Seeds usually few, flat, obovate, aril thin.
About 40 species in Pantropics.
