Malus 蘋果屬
作者
OHASHI, HIROYOSHI
型態特徵
Trees, shrubs or herbs. Leaves alternate or rarely opposite, simple or compound; stipules paired, rarely absent. Inflorescences terminal or axillary, cymose, corymbose, racemose or paniculate, rarely reduced to a single flower. Flowers usually bisexual and actinomorphic. Calyx free from or adnate to the ovary; tube (hypanthium) short or elongated; lobes mostly 5. Petals mostly 5, rarely absent, inserted below the margins of the disc, deciduous. Stamens mostly numerous, usually in a complete ring at the margin of or above the disc; filaments usually free; anthers small, didymous, rarely elongated, 2-locular, dehiscing lengthwise. Carpels 1 to many , free or connate, usually adnate to the calyx-tube; ovules often 2 (rarely 1 to many) in each carpel or ovary-loculus, superposed, anatropous; styles free or connate, basal, lateral or subterminal. Fruits superior to inferior, nude or enclosed by the persistent calyx-tube, drupaceous, pomaceous, follicular or of an indefinite number of achenes. Seeds erect or pendulous, exalbuminous; cotyledons mostly fleshy, plano-convex.
屬
About 120 genera with over 3,300 species, world-wide, especially abundant in the northern temperate regions; 24 genera with 94 species recognized in Taiwan.
參考文獻
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Iketani, H. & H. Ohashi, Journal of Japanese Botany 66: 319-351. 1991. (J. Jpn. Bot.)
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Kalkman, C., Blumea 21: 413-442. 1973.
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Kalkman, C., The journal of the Linnean Society of London. Botany 98: 37-59. 1988. (J. Linn. Soc., Bot.)
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Ohashi, H., Systematic Botany 16: 376-394. 1989. (Syst. Bot.)
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Robertson, K. R., J. B. Phipps, J. R. Rohrer & P. G. Smith, Systematic Botany 16: 376-394. 1991. (Syst. Bot.)
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Yu, T. T. (ed.), Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae 36: 1-443. 1974. (Fl. Reip. Pop. Sin.)
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Yu, T. T. (ed.), Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae 37: 1-516. 1985. (Fl. Reip. Pop. Sin.)
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Yu, T. T. (ed.), Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae 38: 1-133. 1986. (Fl. Reip. Pop. Sin.)
Malus 蘋果屬
作者
OHASHI, HIROYOSHI
型態特徵
Deciduous trees or shrubs; branches rarely spiny. Leaves simple, plicate or convolute in bud, alternate, serrate or lobed, petiolate; stipules subulate, caducous; winter buds pubescent or tomentose. Flowers white, pink or crimson, in umbel-like racemes, axillary; calyx-tube campanulate or urceolate, com¬pletely adnate to ovary, 5-lobed; petals 5, orbicular or obovate, imbricate in bud; stamens 15–50, the anthers small, rounded, usually yellow; ovary inferior, 3–5-celled, the styles 2–5, united at base; ovules 2 in each cell. Fruits a fleshy pome (apple) with grit-cells or none, globose, with persistent calyx. Seeds with coriaceous testa becoming brown or blackish; cotyledons plano-convex.
About 55 species in the temperate northern hemisphere; two in Taiwan.
