Cimicifuga 升麻屬
作者
YANG, T. Y. ALECK and HUANG, TSENG-CHIENG
型態特徵
Mainly annual or perennial herbs, sometimes small shrubs or woody climbers, rarely polygamous or dioecious herbs. Leaves simple or compound, radical or cauline, often divided, mostly alternate but opposite in Clematis; stipules mostly absent or present, adnate to petiole, rarely free. Inflorescence cymes, racemes, panicles or flower solitary. Flowers bisexual, rarely unisexual, actinomorphic (regular), or zygomorphic (irregular). Petals hypogynous, free, imbricate or valvate in Clematis, deciduous. Sepals 4 or 5, green or colored. Petals 4 or 5 or more, or absent, well developed or sometimes reduced to nectaries, spur present or absent, usually at base. Stamens hypogynous, numerous, free, spirally arranged; anthers 2-celled, introrse, longitudinally dehiscent. Carpels few to many, rarely solitary, free, spirally arranged or whorled, 1-celled; styles short to long; ovules 1-many, anatropous, erect or pendulous. Fruits achene or follicles, sometimes capsules or berries; seeds 1-many, small, albuminous, embryo minute.
屬
About 58 genera with 1,750 species, worldwide, but mainly in the north temperate and frigid areas; 10 genera and 31 species in Taiwan.
參考文獻
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Wang, W. T. et. al., Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae 27: 24-664. 1979. (Fl. Reip. Pop. Sin.)
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Wang, W. T. et. al., Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae 28: . 1980. (Fl. Reip. Pop. Sin.)
Cimicifuga 升麻屬
作者
YANG, T. Y. ALECK and COMPTON, JAMES A.
型態特徵
Perennial deciduous woody herbs or shrubs with underground tubers. Stems erect, round, usually simple or branched upward. Leaves ternate to triternate, chartaceous; petioles long, usually with an extended membrane sheathing the base; leaflets ovate, rhombate or narrowly elliptic; margin serrate or coarsely serrate; petiolulate. Inflorescence racemose or a panicle of 2-30 racemes, terminal or axillary; bracts chartaceous, glabrous; bracteoles 2 or 3, very small, narrowly deltoid or subulate. Flowers small, bisexual, actinomorphic, rarely unisexual and plants dioecious; sepals 4 or 5, petaloid, obovate or ovate-elliptic, glabrous; petals absent; stamens numerous, glabrous, anthers yellow, ellipsoid-globose or oblong, with lateral longitudinal dehiscence, filaments linear, with 1 central nerve; staminodes present, elliptic to round, glabrous, apex entire, lightly retuse or bilobed, nectary absent or present at base; carpels 1-8, stipitate. Follicles oblong to obovate-elliptic, nervers elevated, reticulate. Seeds few, elliptic to narrowly elliptic, yellowish-brown, with or without membranaceous scales from sides.
About 18 species in temperate regions of the northern hemisphere, eight species in mainland China and only 1 species in Taiwan.
參考文獻
- YANG, T. Y. ALECK and HUANG, TSENG-CHIENG, Flora of Taiwan, second edition 2: 513. 1996. (Fl. Taiwan 2nd edit.)
- Yang, T. Y. A. & J. A. Compton., Botanical bulletin of Academia Sinica 36(4): 253-257. 1995. (Bot. Bull. Acad. Sin.)
