台灣植物資訊整合查詢系統
Plants of Taiwan
English
找植物
找標本
電子書

Poaceae

禾本科

Flora of Taiwan
Gramineae 禾本科
特徵描述
屬列表
標本列表

特徵描述

[ Gramineae 禾本科 ]

作者

HSU, Chien-Chang

型態特徵

Annuals or perennials herbs, rather rarely with woody perennials culms (subfamily Bambusoideae); hollow or solid, septate at nodes. Perennials herbs or their branches at base usually with scales (cataphylls, transformed leaf sheaths). Leaves two-ranked, consisting of a sheath, ligule, and a blade. Axillary buds when grown out into a branch provided with a usually 2-nerved bract (prophyll) between branch and culm. Leaf blade mostly linear and not petiolate at base, rarely with broad blades and stipitate (pseudo-petiole) at base (especially in Bambusoideae); ligules membranaceous or ciliate, rarely lacking (Echinochloa), margins of sheath of leaf connate at least at base. Inflorescences usually terminal, primarily paniculate, but secondarily extremely variable and transformed into racemes, spikes, digitate umbels, etc. Flowering unit (spikelet) usually with 2 bracteoles (glumes) at base; base occasionally with an obconical blunt to very acute thickening (callus). Flowers alternatingly along a central axis (rachilla) supported by a bract (lemma) and a prophyll (palea), bisexual or occasionally unisexual. Lemma and palea when falling as a unit clasping fruit at base often with an obconical blunt to very acute thickening (also called callus). Perianth usually composed of 2 or 3 minute scales (lodicules), rarely 6, sometimes absent (e.g. in sterile or female florets). Stamens usually 3, sometimes 6 (Bambusoideae), or 1 or 2; filaments filiform; anthers 2-locular. Pistil 1, superior; ovary and single anatropous ovule completely adnate; styles 2 or 3, apical or subapical, stigmas plumose. Caryopsis with rich endosperm; embryo basal, abaxial (facing lemma), opposite to punctiform to linear adaxial hilum (facing palea).

屬

The Gramineae are one of the largest families of vascular plants with an estimated 620 genera and 10,000 species. Keng (1965) reported 201 genera and 775 species for mainland China. Hsu (1974) treated 5 subfamilies (excluding Bambusoideae), 27 tribes, 118 genera, 289 species, 1 subspecies, 39 varieties, and 8 forms in Taiwan.

The following arrangement of subfamilies, tribes and genera is that of Hsu (1978) with very few modifications. The descriptions of most genera are unchanged in this edition except that genera of the subfamily Pooideae (Festucoideae) which was mostly adopted from Clayton and Renvoize (1986). Some critical remarks were provided by Dr. J. F. Veldkamp, National Herbarium of the Netherlands, Leiden. Some line-drawings of Paniceae were drawed by Y. Fujimoto, Botanical Institute of Fujimoto, Kobe, Japan.

參考文獻

Bambusa 蓬萊竹屬

作者

LIN, Wei-Chih

型態特徵

Rhizomes of pachymorph type (Pl. 249. B). Culms forming dense clumps, erect, elongate, straight; nodes prominent with 1 to many branches, spiny or spineless at nodes. Sheath of culm deciduous, rarely persistent, coriaceous, rarely persistent, coriacecous; blade of sheath often erect, rarely reflexed, triangular to ovate-lanceolate. Leaves variable in size, flat, veins parallel or subtessellate. Inflorescence lateral, usually a large compound panicle, sometimes capitate; spikelets in clusters of 1 to many at each node of a leafless branch; 1-many-flowered; bracts and empty glumes several; lemma broadly ovate, with many veins; palea 2-keeled, often bilobed at apex; ovary ovate to cylindric; style short with 3 feathery stigmas, sometimes 1 or 2; stamens 6; lodicules 3. Fruit cylindric, slightly grooved on one side, shaped like a grain of wheat.

A fairly large genus, ca. 100 species in tropical and subtropical Asia and Africa; 12 species, three varieties and six cultivars in Taiwan.

參考文獻

種列表

標本列表

學名 中名 標本數
Loading...

國立台灣大學生態學與演化生物學研究所 版權所有。
歡迎引用本網站資料，並請標明資料來源：
【台灣植物資訊整合查詢系統，https://tai2.ntu.edu.tw。】
且不得有收取資料查詢費等營利行為。
如需商業使用，請聯繫台灣大學數位人文中心。