Plantaginaceae
車前科
特徵描述
註：依本站目前採用的分類系統，本科部分屬在《Flora of Taiwan》中分屬不同科，因此以下依植物誌使用的科名分列特徵描述。
[ Callitrichaceae 水馬齒科 ]
作者
YANG, Yuen-Po and HSU, Kuo-Shih
型態特徵
Annual monoecious herbs with slender prostrate stems. Leaves opposite, linear, oblanceolate to obovate, 1-nerved and/or triplinerved, estipulate. Flowers unisexual, axillary, solitary or sometimes male and female in same axil; male flowers usually enclosed by 2 membranaceous bracteoles, anthers 2-celled, longitudinally dehiscent, filaments slender; female flowers sessile or short pedicellate, ovary 4-lobed, 4-locular. Fruit 4-lobed, lobes margined or slightly winged; seeds with a membranaceous testa; endosperm fleshy; embryo terete, straight.
屬
Only one genus and about 40 species, worldwide.
參考文獻
[ Plantaginaceae 車前科 ]
作者
CHEN, Shih-Huei and WU, Ming-Jou
型態特徵
Perennial or annual herbs. Leaves radical, petiole often widened, blade simple, entire or incised. Inflorescences scapose, usually peduncled spikes or heads. Flowers usually bisexual, regular, 4-merous. Calyx 4-parted, sometimes the abaxial 2 segments more or less connate. Corolla gamopetalous, scarious and veinless, 3- or 4-lobed, lobes imbricate in bud. Stamens 4, rarely 1 or 2, inserted on corolla tube and alternate with lobes, anthers 2-locular, splitting longitudinally. Ovary superior, 1- to 4-celled; style simple; ovules 1 or more in each cell, basal or attached, with a straight embryo and fleshy endosperm. Fruit usually a circumscissile capsule; seeds peltately attached, embryo straight, endosperm fleshy.
參考文獻
[ Scrophulariaceae 玄參科 ]
作者
LIU, Ho-Yih
型態特徵
Herbs or shrubs, rarely trees or vines; some species hemiparasitic or parasitic. Leaves opposite or alternate, rarely whorled; exstipulate. Flowers in racemes, spikes, or thyrsoid panicles or solitary; perfect, usually irregular. Calyx lobes 5 or 4, rarely 1 or 2 by fusion. Corolla sympetalous, 4 or 5-lobed, often 2-lipped. Stamens epipetalous, usually 4 and didynamous, or 4 fertile and 1 sterile, rarely 2 or 5; anthers 1 or 2-celled, cells distinct or more or less confluent. Disc annular or cup-shaped. Ovary superior, 2-celled; style simple or sometimes forked; stigma capitate, dilated, or 2-lobed. Fruit a capsule, rarely baccate. Seeds small, hilum lateral or ventral.
參考文獻
Veronica 婆婆納屬
作者
HUANG, Shing-Fan & HUANG, Tseng-Chieng
型態特徵
Herbs or shrubs. Leaves opposite or verticillate, rarely simple, alternate, cauline. Flowers solitary, in axils or in terminal or axillary bracteate racemes, without bracteoles; calyx 4- or 5-parted, lower 2 segments sometimes connate, upper segment if present smaller; corolla rotate, tube cylindric, limb spreading, 4- or 5-lobed, stamens 2, inserted on tube, exserted, anther cells parallel or not, obtuse; stigmas entire, capitate; ovules many or rarely 2 in each cell. Capsules flat or inflated, 2-grooved, loculicidally or septicidal; seeds few to many, ovate or orbicular, attached on ventral face, convex on back, smooth or rugosely dehiscent, sometimes winged.
About 300 species, chiefly in the temperate regions of the northern hemisphere, Australia and New Zealand; about ten species in Taiwan.
參考文獻
- LIU, Ho-Yih. 1998. Flora of Taiwan, second edition 4: 582. (Fl. Taiwan 2nd edit.)
- Huang, S. F. and T. C. Huang. 1993. Taiwania 38: 5-18.
- Yamazaki, Y. 1957. Journal of the Faculty of Science, Imperial University of Tokyo. Section III, Botany 7: 91-162. (J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot.)
