Plantaginaceae
車前科
特徵描述
註：依本站目前採用的分類系統，本科部分屬在《Flora of Taiwan》中分屬不同科，因此以下依植物誌使用的科名分列特徵描述。
[ Callitrichaceae 水馬齒科 ]
作者
YANG, Yuen-Po and HSU, Kuo-Shih
型態特徵
Annual monoecious herbs with slender prostrate stems. Leaves opposite, linear, oblanceolate to obovate, 1-nerved and/or triplinerved, estipulate. Flowers unisexual, axillary, solitary or sometimes male and female in same axil; male flowers usually enclosed by 2 membranaceous bracteoles, anthers 2-celled, longitudinally dehiscent, filaments slender; female flowers sessile or short pedicellate, ovary 4-lobed, 4-locular. Fruit 4-lobed, lobes margined or slightly winged; seeds with a membranaceous testa; endosperm fleshy; embryo terete, straight.
屬
Only one genus and about 40 species, worldwide.
參考文獻
[ Plantaginaceae 車前科 ]
作者
CHEN, Shih-Huei and WU, Ming-Jou
型態特徵
Perennial or annual herbs. Leaves radical, petiole often widened, blade simple, entire or incised. Inflorescences scapose, usually peduncled spikes or heads. Flowers usually bisexual, regular, 4-merous. Calyx 4-parted, sometimes the abaxial 2 segments more or less connate. Corolla gamopetalous, scarious and veinless, 3- or 4-lobed, lobes imbricate in bud. Stamens 4, rarely 1 or 2, inserted on corolla tube and alternate with lobes, anthers 2-locular, splitting longitudinally. Ovary superior, 1- to 4-celled; style simple; ovules 1 or more in each cell, basal or attached, with a straight embryo and fleshy endosperm. Fruit usually a circumscissile capsule; seeds peltately attached, embryo straight, endosperm fleshy.
參考文獻
[ Scrophulariaceae 玄參科 ]
作者
LIU, Ho-Yih
型態特徵
Herbs or shrubs, rarely trees or vines; some species hemiparasitic or parasitic. Leaves opposite or alternate, rarely whorled; exstipulate. Flowers in racemes, spikes, or thyrsoid panicles or solitary; perfect, usually irregular. Calyx lobes 5 or 4, rarely 1 or 2 by fusion. Corolla sympetalous, 4 or 5-lobed, often 2-lipped. Stamens epipetalous, usually 4 and didynamous, or 4 fertile and 1 sterile, rarely 2 or 5; anthers 1 or 2-celled, cells distinct or more or less confluent. Disc annular or cup-shaped. Ovary superior, 2-celled; style simple or sometimes forked; stigma capitate, dilated, or 2-lobed. Fruit a capsule, rarely baccate. Seeds small, hilum lateral or ventral.
參考文獻
Digitalis 毛地黃屬
作者
LIU, Ho-Yih
型態特徵
Perennial herbs; stems erect, simple. Leaves alternate, entire or shallowly incised. Flowers in terminal unilateral racemes, bracteate; calyx campanulate, cleft nearly to base, lobes 5, unequal, ebracteolate; corolla campanulate, purple, yellow or white, often spotted or striate inside tube, lobes 5, bilabiate, the upper 2 lobes innermost in bud; stamens 4, included, didynamous, anthers distinct, 2-celled, cells parallel; style simple, stigma bilobed, slightly broader than style apex. Capsule enclosed by calyx, beaked, septicidally dehiscent valves 2. Seeds with testae reticulate.
About 20 species from the Mediterranean area to central Asia; one species cultivated and escaped in Taiwan.
