Papaveraceae
罌粟科
特徵描述
註：依本站目前採用的分類系統，本科部分屬在《Flora of Taiwan》中分屬不同科，因此以下依植物誌使用的科名分列特徵描述。
[ Fumariaceae 紫堇科 ]
作者
LIU, TANG-SHUI and YANG, KUOH-CHENG
型態特徵
Annual or perennial herbs, usually glabrous. Leaves alternate, rarely opposite, frequently pinnately or palmately compound; stipules absent. Flowers in racemes or cymes, zygomorphic, bisexual; sepals 2, petaloid, caducous; petals 4, in 2 whorls, outer and inner whorl very dissimilar, with or without spur; stamens 2, 4 or 6, filaments often alate and petaloid, free or connate below, nectariferous at base, anthers opening longitudinally, closely appressed to the style; ovary superior, bicarpellate, 1-loculed, placentation parietal; ovules 1 to numerous, campylotropous. Fruit a valved capsule or nut; seeds with minute embryo and mealy endosperm, cotyledon 1 or 2.
屬
About 17 genera with about 530 species, mainly in the temperate and subtropical regions of the northern hemisphere; two genera in Taiwan.
參考文獻
[ Papaveraceae 罌粟科 ]
作者
LIU, TANG-SHUI and YANG, KUOH-CHENG
型態特徵
Annual or perennial herbs, rarely shrubs or trees, usually with milky or colored juice. Leaves alternate or the floral ones opposite or verticillate, entire to pinnately or palmately cleft; stipules absent; indumentum of simple, barbellate hairs, or absent. Flower buds often nodding before anthesis. Flowers mostly solitary, showy, actinomorphic or zygomorphic, bisexual; sepals 2 or 3, usually caducous or calyptrate; petals 4-6 or 8-12, free, in 1 or 2 whorls, imbricate, often crumpled in bud, stamens numerous or definite in number, filaments often alate and petaloid, free or connate below, anthers opening longitudinally; ovary superior, rarely inferior, composed of 2 to many united carpels, 1-loculed, with parietal placentas, rarely several-loculed by connation of intrusive placentas or 2-loculed by a spurious septum, stigmas as many as carpels and alternate or opposite the placentas; ovules numerous, rarely only one, anatropous to subcampylotropous. Fruit a capsule, dehiscing by pores or valves; seeds exalate, sometimes arillate, with minute embryo and copious oily or mealy endosperm.
參考文獻
Fumaria 煙堇屬
作者
LIU, TANG-SHUI and YANG, KUOH-CHENG
型態特徵
Erect or prostrate annuals herbs, rarely perennial, usually glabrous, sometimes glaucous. Leaves alternate, 2- to 4 pinnately divided. Flowers small, pedicellate, in terminal or lateral racemes, bracteate, white, pink or purple; sepals 2, small, caducous; petals 4, free or partially connate, the two outer larger, spurred at base, the two inner narrower and coherent toward apex; stamens 6, united into two bundles; ovary superior, 1-locular, the style slender, persistent, the stigma with two big papillae; ovules 2 only. Nut globular, hard-walled, with two apical pits; seeds with thin brown testa and a apical depression.
About 50 species, mainly in mediterranean, some widespread; one species in Taiwan.
