作者

LIU, TANG-SHUI and YANG, KUOH-CHENG

型態特徵

Annual or perennial herbs, rarely shrubs or trees, usually with milky or colored juice. Leaves alternate or the floral ones opposite or verticillate, entire to pinnately or palmately cleft; stipules absent; indumentum of simple, barbellate hairs, or absent. Flower buds often nodding before anthesis. Flowers mostly solitary, showy, actinomorphic or zygomorphic, bisexual; sepals 2 or 3, usually caducous or calyptrate; petals 4-6 or 8-12, free, in 1 or 2 whorls, imbricate, often crumpled in bud, stamens numerous or definite in number, filaments often alate and petaloid, free or connate below, anthers opening longitudinally; ovary superior, rarely inferior, composed of 2 to many united carpels, 1-loculed, with parietal placentas, rarely several-loculed by connation of intrusive placentas or 2-loculed by a spurious septum, stigmas as many as carpels and alternate or opposite the placentas; ovules numerous, rarely only one, anatropous to subcampylotropous. Fruit a capsule, dehiscing by pores or valves; seeds exalate, sometimes arillate, with minute embryo and copious oily or mealy endosperm.

屬

About 23 genera with about 240 species, mainly in the subtropics and temperate regions of the northern hemisphere; three genera in Taiwan.

參考文獻

• LIU, TANG-SHUI and YANG, KUOH-CHENG, Flora of Taiwan, second edition 2: 720. 1996.  (Fl. Taiwan 2nd edit.)