Pandanaceae

露兜樹科

APG 4

Flora of Taiwan

特徵描述

屬列表

Freycinetia 山露兜屬

Pandanus 露兜樹屬

標本列表

特徵描述

作者

KUOH, Chang-Sheng and HSU, Tsai-Wen

型態特徵

Trees, shrubs, lianas. Rhizomatous. Self supporting, usually with prop roots at base of stem, or epiphytic, or climbing with root climbers. Stem growth conspicuously sympodial in dichotomous appearance. Leaves medium sized to very large, alternate, spiral, or tristichous, or rarely four ranked, simple, eligulate; lamina entire, leathery, keeled, margins and midrib usually spinously toothed, sessile, usually linear, or lanceolate, parallel-veined, vernation plicate; leaf sheaths with free margins. Plants dioecious, or polygamodioecious. Female flowers with staminodes, or without staminodes. Flowers aggregated heads and crowded into spadices, spadices axillary or terminal, simple or branched, spatheate; perianth wanting. Staminate flowers consist of 10-100 stamens; with free or connate filaments, or with sessile anthers; anthers basifixed, longitudinal dehiscence; pistillodes small or wanting. Pistil of pistillate flower simple or compound of 1-many distinct or fused carpels; locules 1-many depending on degree of carpel fusion; ovules 1-many per locule and borne on basal or parietal placentas; ovary superior; style usually lacking, stigmas sessile; with or without small staminodes. Fruit a berry or drupe, fleshy or woody, 1- to many-celled, free or connate. Seed and embryo minute, with striated coat and hard fleshy endosperm.

The Pandanaceae comprise three genera of paleotropical dioecious Monocotyledons and distributed in the Old world subtropics and tropics. From Southwest tropical Africa, Madagascar, India to Thailand, Malaysia and Australia. Pandanus with the largest range has approximately 700 species of trees and shrubs; Freycinetia with a more limited range has nearly 300 species of lianas; and Sararanga confined to Philippines, New Guinea, Solomon Islands has two species of large trees.