Orobanchaceae
列當科
特徵描述
註：依本站目前採用的分類系統，本科部分屬在《Flora of Taiwan》中分屬不同科，因此以下依植物誌使用的科名分列特徵描述。
[ Orobanchaceae 列當科 ]
作者
YANG, Yuen-Po and LU, Sheng-You
型態特徵
Herbs, parasitic; stems usually simple. Leaves scale-like, spirally arranged. Inflorescences usually racemose or spicate. Flowers bisexual, zygomorphic, 1-bracteate, bracteoles 0–2, at base of calyx or on pedicel, absent in Aeginetia; calyx 4- or 5-toothed or lobed; corolla sympetalous, 5-lobed, limb oblique or bilabiate, upper lip entire, emarginate or 2-lobed, lower lip 3-lobed; stamens 4, didynamous, inserted on corolla tube and alternate with lobes, anthers often in pairs, 2-celled, longitudinally dehiscent, sometimes 1 cell fertile and the other sterile; ovary superior, 1-celled, usually with 4 parietal placentae, ovules 2–4 or many, antropous. Capsules usually opening by 2 or 3 valves; seeds 2–4 or numerous, minute.
屬
About 15 genera and 150 species in tropical, subtropical and temperate regions of the world; four genera in Taiwan.
參考文獻
[ Scrophulariaceae 玄參科 ]
作者
LIU, Ho-Yih
型態特徵
Herbs or shrubs, rarely trees or vines; some species hemiparasitic or parasitic. Leaves opposite or alternate, rarely whorled; exstipulate. Flowers in racemes, spikes, or thyrsoid panicles or solitary; perfect, usually irregular. Calyx lobes 5 or 4, rarely 1 or 2 by fusion. Corolla sympetalous, 4 or 5-lobed, often 2-lipped. Stamens epipetalous, usually 4 and didynamous, or 4 fertile and 1 sterile, rarely 2 or 5; anthers 1 or 2-celled, cells distinct or more or less confluent. Disc annular or cup-shaped. Ovary superior, 2-celled; style simple or sometimes forked; stigma capitate, dilated, or 2-lobed. Fruit a capsule, rarely baccate. Seeds small, hilum lateral or ventral.
參考文獻
Pedicularis 馬先蒿屬
作者
LIU, Ho-Yih
型態特徵
Hemiparasitic annual or perennial herbs; stems erect, usually simple. Leaves alternate, opposite or verticillate, serrate, pinnatifid to bipinnatifid. Flowers in terminal racemes or spikes, bracts leaf-like below, becoming reduced above; calyx campanulate or tubular, more or less oblique, irregularly cleft into 2–5 lobes, ebracteolate; corolla red, yellow or white, tubular, bilabiate, upper-lip galeate (hooded), inner in bud, throat with 2 palates; stamens 4, didynamous, attached inside galea, anthers distinct, 2-celled, cells parallel; style simple, stigma capitate. Capsule enclosed within persistent calyx, loculicidally dehiscent, valves 2, asymmetrical. Testa of seeds reticulate, often slightly winged.
About 350 species in the northern hemisphere; two species in Taiwan.
