特徵描述
作者
LIAO, JIH-CHING
型態特徵
Monoecious or dioecious, herbs, shrubs, trees or vines, sometimes spiny, often with milky juice. Leaves alternate or rarely opposite, simple, entire, serrate or lobed, stipulate. Flowers small, apetalous, regular, usually in spikes, racemes, hypanthodia or ceusters; receptacles fleshy, globose or ovoid; male flowers with calyx 2–6-fid or -partite; stamens as many as calyx-lobes and opposite them, rarely 1–3 or 6, inserted at base of calyx, filaments in bud straight or incurved, anthers 2-celled, introrse, longitudi-nally dehiscent. Female flowers with calyx 2–4-fid or -partite, lobes imbricate; ovary superior or inferior, straight or oblique, 1–2-celled, with 1–2 pendulous ovules in each cell, styles terminal or subterminal, stigma simple, filiform or 2-partite. Fruit an achene or drupe, often united into a syncarp, namely assembling on a fleshy axis of inflorescence into an aggregate or multiple fruit; embryo straight or often curved; cotyledons thick, flat or folded, often unequal.
屬
About 40 genera and over 1,000 species; widely distributed, especially in the tropical and subtropical regions. Eight genera, 31 species, 15 varieties with two forms in Taiwan; of the genera six are woody.
參考文獻
- LIAO, JIH-CHING, Flora of Taiwan, second edition 2: 136. 1996. (Fl. Taiwan 2nd edit.)
- Zhou, Z. and G. G. Michael, Flora of China Family 5: 21-73. 2003. (Fl. China)
Humulus 葎草屬
作者
LIAO, JIH-CHING
型態特徵
Twining annual or perennial scabrous herbs; stems rough, with retrorse, spines. Leaves opposite, 3–7-lobed, coarsely serrulate. Flowers dioecious, male flowers in panicled tassel-like racemes, calyx 5-parted, stamens 5, erect; female flowers few, usually 2 together under large imbricate persistent bracts forming a spike or cone-like body or hop at maturity, each flower with an entire calyx embracing the ovary and 2 caducous stigmas, ovules pendulous. Achenes enclosed within the broadly enlarged calyx, often glandular, pericarp crustaceous, endosperm fleshy, embryo coiled.
