Moraceae

桑科

APG 4

Moraceae 桑科

特徵描述

屬列表

標本列表

特徵描述

作者

LIAO, JIH-CHING

型態特徵

Monoecious or dioecious, herbs, shrubs, trees or vines, sometimes spiny, often with milky juice. Leaves alternate or rarely opposite, simple, entire, serrate or lobed, stipulate. Flowers small, apetalous, regular, usually in spikes, racemes, hypanthodia or ceusters; receptacles fleshy, globose or ovoid; male flowers with calyx 2–6-fid or -partite; stamens as many as calyx-lobes and opposite them, rarely 1–3 or 6, inserted at base of calyx, filaments in bud straight or incurved, anthers 2-celled, introrse, longitudi-nally dehiscent. Female flowers with calyx 2–4-fid or -partite, lobes imbricate; ovary superior or inferior, straight or oblique, 1–2-celled, with 1–2 pendulous ovules in each cell, styles terminal or subterminal, stigma simple, filiform or 2-partite. Fruit an achene or drupe, often united into a syncarp, namely assembling on a fleshy axis of inflorescence into an aggregate or multiple fruit; embryo straight or often curved; cotyledons thick, flat or folded, often unequal.

屬

About 40 genera and over 1,000 species; widely distributed, especially in the tropical and subtropical regions. Eight genera, 31 species, 15 varieties with two forms in Taiwan; of the genera six are woody.

參考文獻

LIAO, JIH-CHING, Flora of Taiwan, second edition 2: 136. 1996. (Fl. Taiwan 2nd edit.)
Zhou, Z. and G. G. Michael, Flora of China Family 5: 21-73. 2003. (Fl. China)

Ficus 榕屬

作者

LIAO, JIH-CHING

型態特徵

Large evergreen or deciduous trees to small shrubs, mostly with milky juice; branches gray to green, often hollow, with numerous aerial roots; branchlets with many lenticels; buds sometimes covered by deciduous leaf scales. Leaves alternate, rarely opposite (only in F. cumingii var. terminalifolia), entire, serrate, dentate or lobed, smooth, hairy or scabrid, stipulate. Flowers unisexual (male, female or gall) or pseudo-hermaphroditic, rarely asexual, often mixed with scales or hairs; male flowers simple or in pairs, rarely 3, stamens exserted or included, anthers ovoid or oblong, without pistill (except in section Palaeomorphe), perianth 2–6-parted distinct or absent; fertile female flowers with single pistil, without reduced stamens, ovary 1-celled, ovule 1, pendulous, style more or less lateral, longer than ovary, stigma bifid or clavate, cylindric, peltate, the perianth 2–6-parted, distinct or absent; achenes somewhat obovoid or reniform, rarely globular, with a minutely tuberculate or undulate hard pericarp, outer coat often glairy or mucilaginous, seed pendulous, with little albumen, embryo somewhat curved; gall flowers similar to fertile female flowers, but not containing embryos, often occupied by species of Blastophaga or other Hymenopterous insects, ovary ovoid or globular, pericarp thin and membranaceous or thick, brittle and crustaceous, style shorter than in fertile female, often dilated above into a somewhat trumpet-shaped false stigma; neuter flowers only in section Synaecia, pedicillate, with perianth as in male flowers; asexual, male, gall and fertile female flowers on same receptacle, or males and galls on a distinct set of receptacles and fertile females and neuters on another set, or males and galls on one set of receptacles and fertile females on a distinct set. Receptacles globose, ovoid-pyriform or compressed-globose, glabrous or hairy above, usually homo- rarely di-morphous, closed at mouth by numerous scales arranged in rows, uppermost scales often partly projecting, forming an umbilicus, rounded or narrowed and subtended by 3 bracts at base, sessile or pedunculate, solitary, paired or clustered from tubercles (shortened branchlets) from the branches or stem or on long subaphyllous branches proceeding from the stem near its base.