Menispermaceae
防己科
特徵描述
作者
HUANG, SHING-FAN and HUANG, TSENG-CHIENG
型態特徵
Climbing or twining, rarely erect, woody or suffruticose, dioecious plants. Leaves alternate, usually palmately veined and often lobed; stipules absent. Flowers small, usually in axillary racemes, sometimes panicles, solitary cymes or discoid heads, regular or rarely slightly irregular, 3-bracteolate; sepals usually 6, in 2 whorls, imbricate, outer whorl often smaller; petals 6, usually smaller than sepals, sometimes wanting, free or connate. Male flowers: stamens 3-12, free or connate, 2-celled; rudimentary carpels small or absent. Female flowers: staminodes 6 or absent; carpels usually 3, rarely 1 or 6 or more, free, sessile or stipitate; style terminal, simple or divided; ovule solitary, usually amphitropous. Ripe carpels drupaceous, usually strongly curved, stipitate or sessile, endocarp usually sculptured, bony or chartaceous. Seeds usually hook-shaped or reniform, often curved; endosperm smooth or ruminate or absent; embryo usually curved, cotyledons flat or semiterete.
屬
About 63 genera and over 200 species, chiefly in the tropics; six genera in Taiwan.
參考文獻
- HUANG, SHING-FAN and HUANG, TSENG-CHIENG. 1996. Flora of Taiwan, second edition 2: 591. (Fl. Taiwan 2nd edit.)
- Yamamoto, Y. 1944. Transactions of the Natural History Society of Formosa 34: 1-34. (Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formos.)
Tinospora 青牛膽屬
作者
HUANG, SHING-FAN and HUANG, TSENG-CHIENG
型態特徵
Climbing shrubs. Leaves cordate. Flowers in axillary or terminal racemes or panicles; sepals 6, in 2 series, outer series smaller, inner series membranaceous; petals 6, smaller. Male flowers: stamens 6, free; anther cells obliquely adnate, dehiscing obliquely. Female flowers: staminodes 6, clavate; carpels 3; style bifid. Drupes 1-3, dorsally convex, ventrally flat; style scar subterminal. Seeds curved; endosperm ruminate; embryo small, cotyledons foliaceous, ovate, spreading.
Over 10 species in tropical Asia and Africa. One species in Taiwan.
參考文獻
- HUANG, SHING-FAN and HUANG, TSENG-CHIENG. 1996. Flora of Taiwan, second edition 2: 605. (Fl. Taiwan 2nd edit.)
- Forman, L. L. 1981. Kew bulletin 36(2): 375-421. (Kew Bull.)
