Melanthiaceae
黑葯花科
特徵描述
[ Liliaceae 百合科 ]
作者
YING, Shao-Shun
型態特徵
Annual, biennal or perennial herbs; sometimes subshrubs or even shrubs, very rarely climbing; usually with a subterranean bulb, tuber, corm or rhizome, sometimes producing superterranean bulbils or rooting buds; stem present or absent; often erect or nearly so. Leaves simple, alternate or rarely verticillate to subopposite, membranaceous to chartaceous, or coriaceous or fleshy, some reduced to scales. Flowers mostly bisexual, rarely unisexual; actinomorphic to slightly zygomorphic, solitary, or in racemes, spikes panicles, umbels or subumbels; tepals mostly 6, rarely 4 or 8, free or connate at base and forming a tube, equal or more or less unequal. Stamens 6, rarely to 12 or fewer, hypogynous or adnate to and always opposite tepals; filaments free or variously connate; anthers 2-celled, oblong to linear, opening by a lengthwise slit or rarely by a terminal pore. Ovary usually superior, rarely half inferior, mostly 3-celled, rarely 1-celled or 4-celled; ovules numerous in each cell, biseriate, rarely 2, placentas parietal; style mostly 1, entire or more or less 3-fid. Fruit a berry or capsule; capsules loculicidal or septicidal; seeds solitary to numerous, endosperm abundant, fleshy or cartilaginous; embryo straight or curved.
屬
About 300 genera and more than 4,000 species worldwide, but abundant in temperate regions of both hemispheres; 21 genera in Taiwan.
參考文獻
Trillium 延齡草屬
作者
YING, Shao-Shun
型態特徵
Perennial herbs; with a corm or thickened, creeping, thickened rhizome; stem simple, erect to ascending, naked except for scarious sheath-like bracts at base. Leaves 3, terminal, verticillate, ovate, orbicular or rhombic-orbicular, entire to slightly undulate, chartaceous or nearly so. Flowers solitary, terminal, white, rose-purple or purplish brown; pedicel straight or archin, glabrous or pubescent; tepals 6 in 2 series; outer tepals green to yellowish green, persistent; inner tepals white or purple, petaloid, withering or absent; stamens 6, hypogynous; anthers linear, basifixed; ovary ovoid to globose or depressed ovoid, 3-celled; ovules several per cell; style straight, slender; stigmas 3, capitate or subentire. Fruit a berry, seeds several, ovoid to round, small, shining.
About 30 species, mainly in temperate regions of North America, eastern Asia and the Himalaya. Two species in Taiwan.
