Magnoliaceae
木蘭科
特徵描述
作者
KENG, HSUAN
型態特徵
Trees or shrubs. Leaves simple, alternate, mostly entire; stipules hood-like, enclosing and protecting the terminal bud, falling after expansion of the leaf blades and leaving annual scars on the branches. Flowers terminal or axillary, mostly large and bisexual. Perianth lobes (tepals) 6 or more, spirally arranged in whorls of 3. Stamens numerous, hypogynous, free; anthers linear, 4- or seemingly 2-locular, basifixed, dehiscing introrsely or latrorsely, rarely extrorsely (in Liriodendron); filaments terete or flattened. Carpels mostly numerous, spirally arranged, free or sometimes partially connate; gynophore often present; ovules 2 or more in each carpel, attached along the inside of the ventral suture, the upper, outer part of the ventral suture developing into a stigmatic surface, often terminally elongated into a long or short style. Fruiting carpels mostly follicular, dry and dehiscent, rarely succulent or indehiscent. Seeds 1 or many in a fruiting carpel; testa thin and crustaceous or externally arilloid; endosperm copious; embryo minute.
屬
Seven genera and about 200 species (cf. H. P. Nooteboom, Magnoliaceae, in K. Kubitzki, The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants 2: 391, 1993), in temperate and tropical parts of E. Asia, S. E. North America and southward through the West Indies, Central America and N. E. South America. Two genera, Magnolia and Michelia, with one species each, are native to Taiwan; many other species of these two genera from continental Asia and elsewhere and the American tulip tree (Liriodendron tulipifera L.) from North America are cultivated in Taiwan (for details, see J. C. Liao in Mem. Coll. Agr. Nat. Taiwan Univ. 13(2): 81-104. 1972).
參考文獻
Magnolia 木蘭屬
作者
KENG, HSUAN
型態特徵
Trees or shrubs. Leaves large, entire, deciduous (in most temperate species) or evergreen (in many tropical and subtropical ones); stipules adnate to or rarely free from the petiole. Flowers large, terminal, solitary, bisexual; perianth lobes 9-21, subequal, spirally arranged; stamens numerous, anthers linear, introrse, filaments flat; gynoecium sessile or rarely short stipitate; carpels numer-ous or few, free or partly adnate or connivent, spirally adnate to an elongate torus; ovules 2 (rarely 3 or 4). Fruiting carpels follicular, dehiscing along the dorsal suture. Seeds 1 or 2 in each carpel, often pendent by a long, thread-like funiculus.
Species about 120, in temperate to tropical regions of E. & S. E. Asia, S. E. North America, Central America and part of South America. One species is native to Taiwan. Magnolia coco (Lour.) DC., M. denudata Desr., M. grandiflora L., and M. liliflora Desr are sometimes cultivated in gardens.
參考文獻
種列表
- Magnolia coco 香港玉蘭
- Magnolia compressa 烏心石
- Magnolia compressa var. formosana 台灣烏心石
- Magnolia compressa var. lanyuensis 蘭嶼烏心石
- Magnolia conspicua
- Magnolia conspicua var. purpurascens
- Magnolia denudata 玉蘭
- Magnolia grandiflora 洋玉蘭
- Magnolia hypoleuca
- Magnolia kachirachirai 烏心石舅
- Magnolia liliiflora 木蘭
- Magnolia obovata 日本厚朴
- Magnolia officinalis 凹葉厚朴
- Magnolia paenetalauma 長葉木蘭
- Magnolia parviflora
- Magnolia praecocissima 皺葉木蘭
- Magnolia pumila
- Magnolia stellata 星花木蘭
- Magnolia tripetala
