特徵描述
作者
YING, Shao-Shun
型態特徵
Annual, biennal or perennial herbs; sometimes subshrubs or even shrubs, very rarely climbing; usually with a subterranean bulb, tuber, corm or rhizome, sometimes producing superterranean bulbils or rooting buds; stem present or absent; often erect or nearly so. Leaves simple, alternate or rarely verticillate to subopposite, membranaceous to chartaceous, or coriaceous or fleshy, some reduced to scales. Flowers mostly bisexual, rarely unisexual; actinomorphic to slightly zygomorphic, solitary, or in racemes, spikes panicles, umbels or subumbels; tepals mostly 6, rarely 4 or 8, free or connate at base and forming a tube, equal or more or less unequal. Stamens 6, rarely to 12 or fewer, hypogynous or adnate to and always opposite tepals; filaments free or variously connate; anthers 2-celled, oblong to linear, opening by a lengthwise slit or rarely by a terminal pore. Ovary usually superior, rarely half inferior, mostly 3-celled, rarely 1-celled or 4-celled; ovules numerous in each cell, biseriate, rarely 2, placentas parietal; style mostly 1, entire or more or less 3-fid. Fruit a berry or capsule; capsules loculicidal or septicidal; seeds solitary to numerous, endosperm abundant, fleshy or cartilaginous; embryo straight or curved.
屬
About 300 genera and more than 4,000 species worldwide, but abundant in temperate regions of both hemispheres; 21 genera in Taiwan.
參考文獻
Veratrum 藜蘆屬
作者
YING, Shao-Shun
型態特徵
Perennial monoecious or polygamous herbs; rhizome short, creeping, thickened, usually with fibrous sheaths; stem short or elongate, leafy upward, enclosed by old, fibrous leaf sheaths at base. Leaves alternate, linear, lanceolate, ovate to oblong, chartaceous to subcoriaceous. Flowers numerous, white, yellow or purple. Inflorescence a panicle, bracts persistent. Tepals 6, free or connate toward base into a very short tube, oblong to lanceolate; stamens 6, hypogynous; filaments filiform, slender; anthers reniform to round, dorsifixed, 1-celled by confluence, extrorse; ovary sessile, ovoid to round, trigonous; style 3-lobed, stigma on inner surface. Fruit a capsule, 3-valved; seeds numerous, flat, round or nearly so, often winged. Basic chromosome number X = 8.
