特徵描述
作者
YING, Shao-Shun
型態特徵
Annual, biennal or perennial herbs; sometimes subshrubs or even shrubs, very rarely climbing; usually with a subterranean bulb, tuber, corm or rhizome, sometimes producing superterranean bulbils or rooting buds; stem present or absent; often erect or nearly so. Leaves simple, alternate or rarely verticillate to subopposite, membranaceous to chartaceous, or coriaceous or fleshy, some reduced to scales. Flowers mostly bisexual, rarely unisexual; actinomorphic to slightly zygomorphic, solitary, or in racemes, spikes panicles, umbels or subumbels; tepals mostly 6, rarely 4 or 8, free or connate at base and forming a tube, equal or more or less unequal. Stamens 6, rarely to 12 or fewer, hypogynous or adnate to and always opposite tepals; filaments free or variously connate; anthers 2-celled, oblong to linear, opening by a lengthwise slit or rarely by a terminal pore. Ovary usually superior, rarely half inferior, mostly 3-celled, rarely 1-celled or 4-celled; ovules numerous in each cell, biseriate, rarely 2, placentas parietal; style mostly 1, entire or more or less 3-fid. Fruit a berry or capsule; capsules loculicidal or septicidal; seeds solitary to numerous, endosperm abundant, fleshy or cartilaginous; embryo straight or curved.
屬
About 300 genera and more than 4,000 species worldwide, but abundant in temperate regions of both hemispheres; 21 genera in Taiwan.
參考文獻
Smilacina 鹿藥屬
作者
YING, Shao-Shun
型態特徵
Perennial herbs; rhizome creeping, elongate, somewhat thickened; stem erect to ascending, simple to branched, leafy from middle. Leaves simple, alternate, ovate to lanceolate or oblong, chartaceous to membranaceous, entire, many nerved; subsessile to short petiolate. Flowers bisexual or rarely unisexual, fragrant or not, in racemes or panicle, terminal. Inflorescence glabrous or pubescent; pedicel articulate; bracts minute, linear to lanceolate; perianth widely opening, white, yellow or yellowish green; tube absent or very short; segments 6, equal, spreading; stamens 6, adnate to base of perianth segments; filaments slender, glabrous to hairy; anthers oblong to ovoid, dorsifixed, introrse; ovary globose to ovoid, glabrous, 3-celled; ovules 2 per cell; stigma entire. Fruit a berry, globose or nearly so, seeds 1 or 2. Basic chromosome number X = 9.
