特徵描述
作者
YING, Shao-Shun
型態特徵
Annual, biennal or perennial herbs; sometimes subshrubs or even shrubs, very rarely climbing; usually with a subterranean bulb, tuber, corm or rhizome, sometimes producing superterranean bulbils or rooting buds; stem present or absent; often erect or nearly so. Leaves simple, alternate or rarely verticillate to subopposite, membranaceous to chartaceous, or coriaceous or fleshy, some reduced to scales. Flowers mostly bisexual, rarely unisexual; actinomorphic to slightly zygomorphic, solitary, or in racemes, spikes panicles, umbels or subumbels; tepals mostly 6, rarely 4 or 8, free or connate at base and forming a tube, equal or more or less unequal. Stamens 6, rarely to 12 or fewer, hypogynous or adnate to and always opposite tepals; filaments free or variously connate; anthers 2-celled, oblong to linear, opening by a lengthwise slit or rarely by a terminal pore. Ovary usually superior, rarely half inferior, mostly 3-celled, rarely 1-celled or 4-celled; ovules numerous in each cell, biseriate, rarely 2, placentas parietal; style mostly 1, entire or more or less 3-fid. Fruit a berry or capsule; capsules loculicidal or septicidal; seeds solitary to numerous, endosperm abundant, fleshy or cartilaginous; embryo straight or curved.
屬
About 300 genera and more than 4,000 species worldwide, but abundant in temperate regions of both hemispheres; 21 genera in Taiwan.
參考文獻
Ophiopogon 沿階草屬
作者
TANAKA, Noriyuki
型態特徵
Glabrous caulescent or acaulescent perennial herbs. Rhizome stout, often bearing stolons. Roots fibrous, often with small tubers; ligneous prop roots sometimes developed. Leaves basal or cauline, usually linear, sometimes differentiated into narrowly elliptic or oblong blade and petiole, base sheathing, chartaceous to coriaceous. Inflorescence racemose. Bracts ovate to subulate, margin usually scarious. Flowers 1-several per bract, campanulate, jointed to pedicel, secund, cernuous. Tepals 6, ovate to lanceolate. Stamens 6, opposite tepals; anthers usually lanceolate, base 2-lobed, introrse; filaments short, occasionally connate. Pistil 1; ovary inferior or semi-inferior, 3-locular; ovules basal, 2(-5) per locule, collateral, anatropous; style usually subulate; stigma sometimes minutely 3-toothed. Carpels rupturing in early stage of maturity, exposing developing seeds; seeds with sarcotesta, usually bluish. Basic chromosome number X=18.
參考文獻
- YING, Shao-Shun, Flora of Taiwan, second edition 5: 54. 2000. (Fl. Taiwan 2nd edit.)
- Tanaka, N., Journal of Japanese Botany 76: 59-76. 2001. (J. Jpn. Bot.)
