特徵描述
作者
YING, Shao-Shun
型態特徵
Annual, biennal or perennial herbs; sometimes subshrubs or even shrubs, very rarely climbing; usually with a subterranean bulb, tuber, corm or rhizome, sometimes producing superterranean bulbils or rooting buds; stem present or absent; often erect or nearly so. Leaves simple, alternate or rarely verticillate to subopposite, membranaceous to chartaceous, or coriaceous or fleshy, some reduced to scales. Flowers mostly bisexual, rarely unisexual; actinomorphic to slightly zygomorphic, solitary, or in racemes, spikes panicles, umbels or subumbels; tepals mostly 6, rarely 4 or 8, free or connate at base and forming a tube, equal or more or less unequal. Stamens 6, rarely to 12 or fewer, hypogynous or adnate to and always opposite tepals; filaments free or variously connate; anthers 2-celled, oblong to linear, opening by a lengthwise slit or rarely by a terminal pore. Ovary usually superior, rarely half inferior, mostly 3-celled, rarely 1-celled or 4-celled; ovules numerous in each cell, biseriate, rarely 2, placentas parietal; style mostly 1, entire or more or less 3-fid. Fruit a berry or capsule; capsules loculicidal or septicidal; seeds solitary to numerous, endosperm abundant, fleshy or cartilaginous; embryo straight or curved.
屬
About 300 genera and more than 4,000 species worldwide, but abundant in temperate regions of both hemispheres; 21 genera in Taiwan.
參考文獻
Helonias 胡麻花屬
作者
TANAKA, Noriyuki
型態特徵
Glabrous acaulescent perennial herbs. Rhizome stout, with fibrous roots. Leaves many, rosulate, usually oblanceolate, apex obtuse, acute or acuminate, often with apiculus, base attenuate, evergreen. Scape erect, simple, terete, with sparse scaly leaves, 2-45 cm tall at flowering. Inflorescence racemose to umbellate. Flowers many to few, ebracteate, pedicellate, funnelform or campanulate, usually fragrant; tepals 6, free or shortly united at base, usually oblanceolate, 4-17 mm long, usually nectariferous at base, persistent. Stamens 6, opposite to tepals, persistent; anthers ovate to oblong or reniform, 2- or 1-locular, extrorse to latrorse, basifixed; filaments filiform. Pistil 1, 3-carpellary; style simple, terete; stigma 3-lobed, capitate or depressed capitate; ovary superior, globose or obcordate, 3-lobed or trigonous, sometimes shortly stipitate at base, 3-locular, with many ovules on central marginal placentae. Capsules obcordately 3-lobed, loculicidal, 3-valved. Seeds small, coated with soft scarious testa, fusiform to linear, caudate at both ends. Flowering generally in spring. Chromosome number 2n=34.
參考文獻
- YING, Shao-Shun, Flora of Taiwan, second edition 5: 47. 2000. (Fl. Taiwan 2nd edit.)
- Tanaka, N., Journal of Japanese Botany 73(2): 105-115. 1998. (J. Jpn. Bot.)
