特徵描述
作者
YING, Shao-Shun
型態特徵
Annual, biennal or perennial herbs; sometimes subshrubs or even shrubs, very rarely climbing; usually with a subterranean bulb, tuber, corm or rhizome, sometimes producing superterranean bulbils or rooting buds; stem present or absent; often erect or nearly so. Leaves simple, alternate or rarely verticillate to subopposite, membranaceous to chartaceous, or coriaceous or fleshy, some reduced to scales. Flowers mostly bisexual, rarely unisexual; actinomorphic to slightly zygomorphic, solitary, or in racemes, spikes panicles, umbels or subumbels; tepals mostly 6, rarely 4 or 8, free or connate at base and forming a tube, equal or more or less unequal. Stamens 6, rarely to 12 or fewer, hypogynous or adnate to and always opposite tepals; filaments free or variously connate; anthers 2-celled, oblong to linear, opening by a lengthwise slit or rarely by a terminal pore. Ovary usually superior, rarely half inferior, mostly 3-celled, rarely 1-celled or 4-celled; ovules numerous in each cell, biseriate, rarely 2, placentas parietal; style mostly 1, entire or more or less 3-fid. Fruit a berry or capsule; capsules loculicidal or septicidal; seeds solitary to numerous, endosperm abundant, fleshy or cartilaginous; embryo straight or curved.
屬
About 300 genera and more than 4,000 species worldwide, but abundant in temperate regions of both hemispheres; 21 genera in Taiwan.
參考文獻
Asparagus 天門冬屬
作者
YING, Shao-Shun
型態特徵
Perennial, polygamo-dioecious herbs, woody climbers or shrubs, usually with a subterranean rhizome or root tuberous; stem elongate, woody or nearly so, erect or scandent, smooth to acicular, grooved or not. Leaves reduced to minute, membranous scales, these either prolonged beyond their insertion or not; mostly small, subulate, linear, lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, finally caducous. Branchlets 1-15 scale per axil; these short shoots either leaf-like (phylloclades) or more or less needleshaped (cladodes). Flowers bisexual or unisexual, axillary, solitary or fascicled, sometimes in racemes; pedicel articulate; perianth segments 6, free or short connate at base; stamens 6, filaments attached at base of perianth segments; anthers oblong to round; ovary superior, 3-celled, ovules 2 per cell; style shortly 3-lobed or subentire. Fruit a berry, globose, 1-6-seeded; seeds globose, testa usually black; embryo straight, surrounded by a hard endosperm. Basic chromosome number X=10.
