特徵描述
作者
YING, Shao-Shun
型態特徵
Annual, biennal or perennial herbs; sometimes subshrubs or even shrubs, very rarely climbing; usually with a subterranean bulb, tuber, corm or rhizome, sometimes producing superterranean bulbils or rooting buds; stem present or absent; often erect or nearly so. Leaves simple, alternate or rarely verticillate to subopposite, membranaceous to chartaceous, or coriaceous or fleshy, some reduced to scales. Flowers mostly bisexual, rarely unisexual; actinomorphic to slightly zygomorphic, solitary, or in racemes, spikes panicles, umbels or subumbels; tepals mostly 6, rarely 4 or 8, free or connate at base and forming a tube, equal or more or less unequal. Stamens 6, rarely to 12 or fewer, hypogynous or adnate to and always opposite tepals; filaments free or variously connate; anthers 2-celled, oblong to linear, opening by a lengthwise slit or rarely by a terminal pore. Ovary usually superior, rarely half inferior, mostly 3-celled, rarely 1-celled or 4-celled; ovules numerous in each cell, biseriate, rarely 2, placentas parietal; style mostly 1, entire or more or less 3-fid. Fruit a berry or capsule; capsules loculicidal or septicidal; seeds solitary to numerous, endosperm abundant, fleshy or cartilaginous; embryo straight or curved.
屬
About 300 genera and more than 4,000 species worldwide, but abundant in temperate regions of both hemispheres; 21 genera in Taiwan.
參考文獻
Allium 蔥屬
作者
YING, Shao-Shun
型態特徵
Perennial or biennial herbs, with odor of onions or garlic, with one or more subterraneous bulbs or tubers. Leaves tufted, all radical, linear, cylindric or rarely flat and lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, glabrous or nearly so. Inflorescences umbels or compound umbels, erect or ascending, often entirely enveloped by an involucre (spathe) of two membranaceous or hyaline bracts. Flowers few to numerous, white, pink, purplish red or very rarely yellow; sometimes partly replaced by bulbils; pedicels slender, radial; perianth segments 6 in 2-series, free or partly connated at base, uniform in color, but inner ones often somewhat different in shape or size, 1-nerved, spreading to suberect; stamens 6, inserted at base of perianth; filaments subulate or basally much broadened, inner ones sometimes with a tooth or toothed lateral segments on margins; anthers medifixied; ovary superior, sessile or short stipitate, 3-celled; style single, filiform or shallowly 3-lobed; ovules 1 or 2 in each cell. fruit a capsule, globose or obovoid, loculicidally 3-valved. Seeds several, black, shining, angled, flat.
