特徵描述

作者

LI, Zhen-Yu

型態特徵

Perennial or annual insectivorous herbs, terrestrial, epiphytic or aquatic. Roots present or absent. Stems usually modified to rhizoids, stolons or rhizomes, rarely developed. Leaves alternate or in basal rosette, simple or 1-many times divided, exstipulate. Traps (bladders) on rhizoids, stolons or leaves, or absent (Pinguicula). Inflorescences usually racemes, or flowers solitary; peduncle erect or twining. Flowers perfect, zygomorphic. Calyx 2–4 divided, or 5(–9)-lobed, lobes imbricate, persistent. Corolla gamopetalous, with short tube, limb 2-lipped; upper lip entire or 2–3- lobed; lower lip entire or 2–3(–6)-lobed, lobes imbricate; spur subulate, cylindrical, conical or saccate. Stamens 2, inserted at base of lower of corolla, included; filaments short, linear, curved or straight; anthers dorsifixed, ellipsoid, thecae 2, divaricate, confluent, rarely not confluent; staminodes absent. Disc wanting. Gynoecium of 2 united carpels; ovary superior, globose, ovoid or ellipsoid, 1-locular, placenta free-central or basal; ovules 2-numerous, anatropous, somewhat sunken into placenta; style 1, or wanting; stigma 2-lipped, upper lip + reduced. Fruit usually capsular, loculicidally or circumscissilely dehiscent, rarely indehiscent. Seeds (1-) few to numerous, minute, variously shaped and sculptured, without endosperm.

屬

Three genera and about 240 species. Cosmopolitan but mostly in tropical regions; one genus in Taiwan.

參考文獻

LI, Zhen-Yu, Flora of Taiwan, second edition 4: 718. 1998. (Fl. Taiwan 2nd edit.)
Hsiao, J. Y., Flora of Taiwan 4: 693-698. 1978. (Fl. Taiwan)
Komiya, S., . 1972.
Kuo, F. T., Biol. Bull. Taiwan Normal Univ. 3: 27-42. 1968.
Li, Z. Y., Bulletin of Botanical Research 8: 25-39. 1988. (Bull. Bot. Res.)
Taylor, P., Kew bulletin 14: 1-724. 1989. (Kew Bull.)

Utricularia 狸藻屬

作者

LI, Zhen-Yu

型態特徵

Perennial or annual herbs, terrestrial, epiphytic or aquatic, without true roots. Stems modified to rhizoids and stolons, rarely developed. Leaves alternate or in basal rosette, simple or 1-many times divided; nerves 1–3, unbranched, dichotomously branched, or pinnate. Traps small bladder-like, on rhizoids, stolons or leaves. Inflorescences racemose, or flowers solitary, peduncled, usually simple, seldom branched, erect or twining, bracteate; scales (sterile bracts) and bracteoles often present. Calyx divided from base into 2 (4) equal or unequal lobes. Corolla yellow, violet, purple, blue, mauve, red or white, bilabiate; upper lip entire or 2 or 3-lobed; lower lip larger, entire or 2- or 3(–6)-lobed, with a variously raised palate in throat. Capsule globose, ovoid or ellipsoid, or dorsiventrally compressed, loculicidally dehiscing only on adaxial side, or on both abaxial and adaxial sides, or circumscissile, rarely indehiscent. Seeds (1-) few to many, globose, ovoid, obovoid, ellipsoid, fusiform, cylindrical, lenticular or prismatic, with various prominences or appendages.