作者

QIN, HAI-NING

型態特徵

Climbing woody vines, or rarely erect shrubs, evergreen or deciduous, often producing short shoots, mostly glabrous. Leaves exstipulate, alternate (sometimes appearing whorled or fasciculate on short shoots), prinnately trifoliolate, palmately compound, ternately decompound, or rarely odd- pinnately compound, petiole and petiolules articulate; leaflet venation pinnate or usually with 3 major veins from base. Flowers actinomorphic, usually imperfect through abortion, arranged in bracteate or ebracteate racemose or paniculate inflorescences, rarely simple, and the plants monoecious or dioecious. Perianth 3-merous in 1-4 whorls, sepals 3-6, commonly petaloid, imbricate or the outer valvate, petals 3+3, smaller than sepals, scale-like or wanting. Stamens 6 (in carpellate flowers represented by staminodes); filaments free or connate into a tube; anthers free, extrorsely dehiscent by longitudinal slits, the massive connectives sometimes with elongated apices. Carpels 3 (or 6-12), rudimentary in male flowers, superior, free, with well defined stigma; ovary unilocular with numerous to several ovules. Fruit ± leathery, indehiscent or dehiscent along the ventral suture (i. e. berry or a fleshy follicle). Seeds often with a hard, shiny, brown or black seed coat and a conspicuous basilateral hilum, the small embryo straight, embedded in abundent endosperm.

屬

Eight genera with 35 species, six genera in E. Asia from the Himalaya region, China and Indochina to Korea and Japan; two genera in southwest S. America. Two genera in Taiwan.

參考文獻

• QIN, HAI-NING, Flora of Taiwan, second edition 2: 586. 1996.  (Fl. Taiwan 2nd edit.)