Lamiaceae
唇形科
特徵描述
註：依本站目前採用的分類系統，本科部分屬在《Flora of Taiwan》中分屬不同科，因此以下依植物誌使用的科名分列特徵描述。
[ Labiatae 唇形科 ]
作者
HUANG, Tseng-Chieng, HSIEH, Tsung-Hsin and CHENG, Wu-Tsang
型態特徵
Herbs or subshrubs, annual or perennial, usually aromatic. Stems and branches usually quadrangular. Leaves opposite, rarely whorled or alternate, simple, trifoliolate, pinnatifid or pinnate, without stipules. Inflorescences in dichasial, scorpioid, corymbose scorpioid, verticillate, or corymbose or racemose cymes or thyrses, terminal or axillary. Flowers bisexual, irregular, rarely regular. Calyx persistent, campanulate, tubular or urceolate, 5-toothed or rarely 10-toothed, 2-lipped or regular; tube sometimes hairy annulate inside. Corolla sympetalous, tubular, often bilabiate, 4- or 5-lobed, upper lip entire, bifid or deeply lobed, lower lip 3-lobed, central lobe large; stamens 2 or 4, borne on the corolla-tube or throat, filaments flattened, glabrous or hairy, anthers 2- or 1-celled, parallel or divergent, dehiscing lengthwise; ovary superior, 2-carpellate, each carpel deeply 2-lobed; style solitary, mostly unequally bifid; stigma minute; ovules 4, erect. Fruits usually 4 nutlets, enclosed in persistent calyx.
屬
About 220 genera and 3,500 species distributed worldwide, mainly in the Mediterranean region and SW Asia; 36 genera and 73 species in Taiwan.
參考文獻
- HUANG, Tseng-Chieng, HSIEH, Tsung-Hsin and CHENG, Wu-Tsang. 1998. Flora of Taiwan, second edition 4: 432. (Fl. Taiwan 2nd edit.)
- Wu, C. Y. and H. W. Li. 1977. Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae 65(2): 124-248. (Fl. Reip. Pop. Sin.)
- Murata, J. and T. Yamazaki. 1993. Flora of Japan 3: 272-321. (Fl. Jap.)
- Hsieh, T. H. and T. C. Huang. 1998. Taiwania 43(1): 38-58.
- Huang, T. C. 1997. SMC Pulb. Inc. Taipei 365-378.
[ Verbenaceae 馬鞭草科 ]
作者
YANG Yuen-Po , LU Sheng-You and CHEN Tien-Tsai
型態特徵
Shrubs or trees, rarely herbs. Leaves opposite or rarely verticillate, simple or compound, estipulate. Inflorescence terminal or axillary, cymes, racemes, spikes or thyrses, sometimes capitate. Flowers bisexual or polygamous, zygomorphic or sometimes actinomorphic. Calyx gamosepalous, persistent, 4 or 5-lobed. Corolla gamopetalous, 4 or 5-lobed, lobes equal to subequal sometimes with a conspicuous lip. Stamens 4, didynamous and unequal or equal, alternate corolla lobes. Ovary superior, 2–8-locular, ovules 1 or 2 per locule, entire or 4-lobed, style terminal, stigma simple or bifid. Fruit a drupe or capsule, sometimes breaking up into nutlets. Seeds 1–4, usually without endosperm.
參考文獻
Prunella 夏枯草屬
作者
HUANG, Tseng-Chieng, HSIEH, Tsung-Hsin and CHENG, Wu-Tsang
型態特徵
Herbs perennial. Leaves pinnatifid to subentire. Verticillasters 6-flowered, in terminal ovoid or ovoid-globose spikes; bracts broad, membranous, margins ciliate, overlapping; bracteoles minute or absent; pedicel very short or absent; calyx tubular-campanulate, more or less flattened dorsiventrally, irregularly 10-veined, netted between veins, 2-lipped, base hairy, throat glabrous, upper lip flat, truncate, shortly 3-toothed, lower lip 2-cleft to 1/2 of lip, teeth lanceolate, mouth enclosed in fruit; corolla tube gradually dilated on 1 side, exserted, throat slightly constricted, scaly annulate inside, limb 2-lipped, upper lip straight, galeate, margin entire, lower lip 3-lobed, middle lobe largest, concave, denticulate, lateral lobes oblong, reflexed; stamens 4, anterior 2 longer, ascending to underside of upper lip, parallel, free; filament apex dentate; anther cells 2, divaricate; ovary glabrous; style glabrous, apex equally 2-cleft, lobes subulate. Nutlets brown, subglobose, ovoid to oblong, glabrous, smooth or tuberculate, apex rounded.
About seven broadly defined species (15 according to some authors), distributed in Africa, Asia, Europe, North America; one species in Taiwan.
