特徵描述
作者
HUANG, Tseng-Chieng, HSIEH, Tsung-Hsin and CHENG, Wu-Tsang
型態特徵
Herbs or subshrubs, annual or perennial, usually aromatic. Stems and branches usually quadrangular. Leaves opposite, rarely whorled or alternate, simple, trifoliolate, pinnatifid or pinnate, without stipules. Inflorescences in dichasial, scorpioid, corymbose scorpioid, verticillate, or corymbose or racemose cymes or thyrses, terminal or axillary. Flowers bisexual, irregular, rarely regular. Calyx persistent, campanulate, tubular or urceolate, 5-toothed or rarely 10-toothed, 2-lipped or regular; tube sometimes hairy annulate inside. Corolla sympetalous, tubular, often bilabiate, 4- or 5-lobed, upper lip entire, bifid or deeply lobed, lower lip 3-lobed, central lobe large; stamens 2 or 4, borne on the corolla-tube or throat, filaments flattened, glabrous or hairy, anthers 2- or 1-celled, parallel or divergent, dehiscing lengthwise; ovary superior, 2-carpellate, each carpel deeply 2-lobed; style solitary, mostly unequally bifid; stigma minute; ovules 4, erect. Fruits usually 4 nutlets, enclosed in persistent calyx.
屬
About 220 genera and 3,500 species distributed worldwide, mainly in the Mediterranean region and SW Asia; 36 genera and 73 species in Taiwan.
參考文獻
- HUANG, Tseng-Chieng, HSIEH, Tsung-Hsin and CHENG, Wu-Tsang, Flora of Taiwan, second edition 4: 432. 1998. (Fl. Taiwan 2nd edit.)
- Wu, C. Y. and H. W. Li., Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae 65(2): 124-248. 1977. (Fl. Reip. Pop. Sin.)
- Murata, J. and T. Yamazaki., Flora of Japan 3: 272-321. 1993. (Fl. Jap.)
- Hsieh, T. H. and T. C. Huang., Taiwania 43(1): 38-58. 1998.
- Huang, T. C., SMC Pulb. Inc. Taipei 365-378. 1997.
Prunella 夏枯草屬
作者
HUANG, Tseng-Chieng, HSIEH, Tsung-Hsin and CHENG, Wu-Tsang
型態特徵
Herbs perennial. Leaves pinnatifid to subentire. Verticillasters 6-flowered, in terminal ovoid or ovoid-globose spikes; bracts broad, membranous, margins ciliate, overlapping; bracteoles minute or absent; pedicel very short or absent; calyx tubular-campanulate, more or less flattened dorsiventrally, irregularly 10-veined, netted between veins, 2-lipped, base hairy, throat glabrous, upper lip flat, truncate, shortly 3-toothed, lower lip 2-cleft to 1/2 of lip, teeth lanceolate, mouth enclosed in fruit; corolla tube gradually dilated on 1 side, exserted, throat slightly constricted, scaly annulate inside, limb 2-lipped, upper lip straight, galeate, margin entire, lower lip 3-lobed, middle lobe largest, concave, denticulate, lateral lobes oblong, reflexed; stamens 4, anterior 2 longer, ascending to underside of upper lip, parallel, free; filament apex dentate; anther cells 2, divaricate; ovary glabrous; style glabrous, apex equally 2-cleft, lobes subulate. Nutlets brown, subglobose, ovoid to oblong, glabrous, smooth or tuberculate, apex rounded.
