特徵描述
作者
HSU, Chien-Chang
型態特徵
Annuals or perennials herbs, rather rarely with woody perennials culms (subfamily Bambusoideae); hollow or solid, septate at nodes. Perennials herbs or their branches at base usually with scales (cataphylls, transformed leaf sheaths). Leaves two-ranked, consisting of a sheath, ligule, and a blade. Axillary buds when grown out into a branch provided with a usually 2-nerved bract (prophyll) between branch and culm. Leaf blade mostly linear and not petiolate at base, rarely with broad blades and stipitate (pseudo-petiole) at base (especially in Bambusoideae); ligules membranaceous or ciliate, rarely lacking (Echinochloa), margins of sheath of leaf connate at least at base. Inflorescences usually terminal, primarily paniculate, but secondarily extremely variable and transformed into racemes, spikes, digitate umbels, etc. Flowering unit (spikelet) usually with 2 bracteoles (glumes) at base; base occasionally with an obconical blunt to very acute thickening (callus). Flowers alternatingly along a central axis (rachilla) supported by a bract (lemma) and a prophyll (palea), bisexual or occasionally unisexual. Lemma and palea when falling as a unit clasping fruit at base often with an obconical blunt to very acute thickening (also called callus). Perianth usually composed of 2 or 3 minute scales (lodicules), rarely 6, sometimes absent (e.g. in sterile or female florets). Stamens usually 3, sometimes 6 (Bambusoideae), or 1 or 2; filaments filiform; anthers 2-locular. Pistil 1, superior; ovary and single anatropous ovule completely adnate; styles 2 or 3, apical or subapical, stigmas plumose. Caryopsis with rich endosperm; embryo basal, abaxial (facing lemma), opposite to punctiform to linear adaxial hilum (facing palea).
屬
The Gramineae are one of the largest families of vascular plants with an estimated 620 genera and 10,000 species. Keng (1965) reported 201 genera and 775 species for mainland China. Hsu (1974) treated 5 subfamilies (excluding Bambusoideae), 27 tribes, 118 genera, 289 species, 1 subspecies, 39 varieties, and 8 forms in Taiwan.
The following arrangement of subfamilies, tribes and genera is that of Hsu (1978) with very few modifications. The descriptions of most genera are unchanged in this edition except that genera of the subfamily Pooideae (Festucoideae) which was mostly adopted from Clayton and Renvoize (1986). Some critical remarks were provided by Dr. J. F. Veldkamp, National Herbarium of the Netherlands, Leiden. Some line-drawings of Paniceae were drawed by Y. Fujimoto, Botanical Institute of Fujimoto, Kobe, Japan.
參考文獻
- HSU, Chien-Chang, Flora of Taiwan, second edition 5: 318. 2000. (Fl. Taiwan 2nd edit.)
- Clayton, W. D. and Renvoize, S. A., Her Majestys Stationary Office. London . 1986.
- Hsu, C. C., Taiwan Prov. Educ. Assoc. Taipei . 1975.
- Hsu, C. C., Flora of Taiwan 5: 373-783. 1978. (Fl. Taiwan)
- Koyama, T., Kodansha Ltd. Tokyo . 1987.
- Kuo, P. C., Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae 9(3): . 1987. (Fl. Reip. Pop. Sin.)
- Osada, T., . 1993.
- Watson, L. and Dallwitz, M. J., CAB International, Wallingford . 1992.
Erianthus 蔗茅屬
作者
HSU, Chien-Chang
型態特徵
Perennials; culms tufted, solid; root-primodia present at base of nearly all internodes or only of basal ones, always in 1-row. Ligule well-developed, collar not much developed; blades linear, flat, with a dense group of long, soft hairs behind ligule, these often extending upwards for some distance along midnerve. Inflorescence an open panicle, branched on all sides. Spikelets in pairs, one sessile, other pedicelate, dorsally compressed, awned or muticous, base hairy, basal hairs shorter than spikelet. Pedicelate spikelets articulate with pedicel, falling off entirely. Sessile spikelets falling with adjacent rachis-internode and pedicel of other spikelet; glumes ca. as long as spikelet, acute, membranaceous, long-hairy at least in pedicellate spikelets, lower glume flat or slightly convex, margins incurved, 2-5-nerved; upper glume boat shaped, 3-nerved; lateral nerves often obscure; lower lemma slightly shorter, acute, thinly membranaceous, 1-nerved; lower palea absent; upper lemma convex, apex 2-toothed or entire, slightly shorter than upper glume; l-nerved, with long or short awn or muticuous; upper palea shorter, nerveless; lodicules 2, small, cuneate, apex emarginate, glabrous; stamens 3, anthers linear; ovary glabrous, styles 2, free, stigmas plumose, exserted laterally. Caryopsis oblong or linear-oblong, with a convex back and flat ventral side; embryo half as long as caryopsis.
