特徵描述
作者
HSU, Chien-Chang
型態特徵
Annuals or perennials herbs, rather rarely with woody perennials culms (subfamily Bambusoideae); hollow or solid, septate at nodes. Perennials herbs or their branches at base usually with scales (cataphylls, transformed leaf sheaths). Leaves two-ranked, consisting of a sheath, ligule, and a blade. Axillary buds when grown out into a branch provided with a usually 2-nerved bract (prophyll) between branch and culm. Leaf blade mostly linear and not petiolate at base, rarely with broad blades and stipitate (pseudo-petiole) at base (especially in Bambusoideae); ligules membranaceous or ciliate, rarely lacking (Echinochloa), margins of sheath of leaf connate at least at base. Inflorescences usually terminal, primarily paniculate, but secondarily extremely variable and transformed into racemes, spikes, digitate umbels, etc. Flowering unit (spikelet) usually with 2 bracteoles (glumes) at base; base occasionally with an obconical blunt to very acute thickening (callus). Flowers alternatingly along a central axis (rachilla) supported by a bract (lemma) and a prophyll (palea), bisexual or occasionally unisexual. Lemma and palea when falling as a unit clasping fruit at base often with an obconical blunt to very acute thickening (also called callus). Perianth usually composed of 2 or 3 minute scales (lodicules), rarely 6, sometimes absent (e.g. in sterile or female florets). Stamens usually 3, sometimes 6 (Bambusoideae), or 1 or 2; filaments filiform; anthers 2-locular. Pistil 1, superior; ovary and single anatropous ovule completely adnate; styles 2 or 3, apical or subapical, stigmas plumose. Caryopsis with rich endosperm; embryo basal, abaxial (facing lemma), opposite to punctiform to linear adaxial hilum (facing palea).
屬
The Gramineae are one of the largest families of vascular plants with an estimated 620 genera and 10,000 species. Keng (1965) reported 201 genera and 775 species for mainland China. Hsu (1974) treated 5 subfamilies (excluding Bambusoideae), 27 tribes, 118 genera, 289 species, 1 subspecies, 39 varieties, and 8 forms in Taiwan.
The following arrangement of subfamilies, tribes and genera is that of Hsu (1978) with very few modifications. The descriptions of most genera are unchanged in this edition except that genera of the subfamily Pooideae (Festucoideae) which was mostly adopted from Clayton and Renvoize (1986). Some critical remarks were provided by Dr. J. F. Veldkamp, National Herbarium of the Netherlands, Leiden. Some line-drawings of Paniceae were drawed by Y. Fujimoto, Botanical Institute of Fujimoto, Kobe, Japan.
參考文獻
- HSU, Chien-Chang, Flora of Taiwan, second edition 5: 318. 2000. (Fl. Taiwan 2nd edit.)
- Clayton, W. D. and Renvoize, S. A., Her Majestys Stationary Office. London . 1986.
- Hsu, C. C., Taiwan Prov. Educ. Assoc. Taipei . 1975.
- Hsu, C. C., Flora of Taiwan 5: 373-783. 1978. (Fl. Taiwan)
- Koyama, T., Kodansha Ltd. Tokyo . 1987.
- Kuo, P. C., Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae 9(3): . 1987. (Fl. Reip. Pop. Sin.)
- Osada, T., . 1993.
- Watson, L. and Dallwitz, M. J., CAB International, Wallingford . 1992.
Cymbopogon 香茅屬
作者
HSU, Chien-Chang
型態特徵
Perennials; culms solid, terete, glabrous, often farinose beiow nodes. Leaves aromatic when crushed due to essential oils; sheath of leaf terete, glabrous, often red inside; ligule developed, truncate or narrowed, usually ciliate; blades linear, base narrowed or not, apex acute, midnerve stout, pale. Inflorescence at ultimate branchlets, racemes short, spike-like with common peduncle enclosed in a spathelike uppermost leaf; racemes often widely spreading or deflexed, unequally peduncled; terminal raceme short and spikelets dorsally compressed, in alternate pairs along hairy, articulate rachis, one of a pair pedicelate, other sessile, upper breaking up at maturity, 3-6 jointed; joints dorsally compressed, usually with a convex dorsal side and flat to concave ventral side, apex dentate, membranaceous, obliquely cupuliform; 1-2 lowest sessile spikelets of short-peduncled raceme, and all pedicelate spikelets staminate and muticous; all other sessile spikelets bisexual and awned or muticous. Bisexual spikelets oblong to ovate-lanceolate, shortly white-hairy at base; lower glume as long as spikelets, apex narrowed with 2 prominent marginal nerves; upper glume equally long or slightly shorter, boat shaped-keeled, 1-3-nerved; lower lemma shorter than lower glume, thinly membranaceous, margins inflexed, ciliolate, 2-nerved; upper lemma thinly membranaceous, short, halfway divided into 2 narrow lobes, with geniculate awn from sinus, or entire and muticous; paleas absent; lodicules 2, small, glabrous; stamens 2, free; stigmas laterally exserted. Caryopsis. oblong, dorsally compressed, convex on embryo-side, flat on hilum-side; embryo ca. 1/2 as long as caryopsis. Pedicelate spikelets oblong-lanceolate, apex narrowed; lower glume as long as spikelets; upper glume equally long or slightly shorter, often less convex than in sessile spikelets, 3-nerved; lower lemma shorter; upper lemma and paleas wanting.
