特徵描述
作者
HSU, Chien-Chang
型態特徵
Annuals or perennials herbs, rather rarely with woody perennials culms (subfamily Bambusoideae); hollow or solid, septate at nodes. Perennials herbs or their branches at base usually with scales (cataphylls, transformed leaf sheaths). Leaves two-ranked, consisting of a sheath, ligule, and a blade. Axillary buds when grown out into a branch provided with a usually 2-nerved bract (prophyll) between branch and culm. Leaf blade mostly linear and not petiolate at base, rarely with broad blades and stipitate (pseudo-petiole) at base (especially in Bambusoideae); ligules membranaceous or ciliate, rarely lacking (Echinochloa), margins of sheath of leaf connate at least at base. Inflorescences usually terminal, primarily paniculate, but secondarily extremely variable and transformed into racemes, spikes, digitate umbels, etc. Flowering unit (spikelet) usually with 2 bracteoles (glumes) at base; base occasionally with an obconical blunt to very acute thickening (callus). Flowers alternatingly along a central axis (rachilla) supported by a bract (lemma) and a prophyll (palea), bisexual or occasionally unisexual. Lemma and palea when falling as a unit clasping fruit at base often with an obconical blunt to very acute thickening (also called callus). Perianth usually composed of 2 or 3 minute scales (lodicules), rarely 6, sometimes absent (e.g. in sterile or female florets). Stamens usually 3, sometimes 6 (Bambusoideae), or 1 or 2; filaments filiform; anthers 2-locular. Pistil 1, superior; ovary and single anatropous ovule completely adnate; styles 2 or 3, apical or subapical, stigmas plumose. Caryopsis with rich endosperm; embryo basal, abaxial (facing lemma), opposite to punctiform to linear adaxial hilum (facing palea).
屬
The Gramineae are one of the largest families of vascular plants with an estimated 620 genera and 10,000 species. Keng (1965) reported 201 genera and 775 species for mainland China. Hsu (1974) treated 5 subfamilies (excluding Bambusoideae), 27 tribes, 118 genera, 289 species, 1 subspecies, 39 varieties, and 8 forms in Taiwan.
The following arrangement of subfamilies, tribes and genera is that of Hsu (1978) with very few modifications. The descriptions of most genera are unchanged in this edition except that genera of the subfamily Pooideae (Festucoideae) which was mostly adopted from Clayton and Renvoize (1986). Some critical remarks were provided by Dr. J. F. Veldkamp, National Herbarium of the Netherlands, Leiden. Some line-drawings of Paniceae were drawed by Y. Fujimoto, Botanical Institute of Fujimoto, Kobe, Japan.
參考文獻
- HSU, Chien-Chang, Flora of Taiwan, second edition 5: 318. 2000. (Fl. Taiwan 2nd edit.)
- Clayton, W. D. and Renvoize, S. A., Her Majestys Stationary Office. London . 1986.
- Hsu, C. C., Taiwan Prov. Educ. Assoc. Taipei . 1975.
- Hsu, C. C., Flora of Taiwan 5: 373-783. 1978. (Fl. Taiwan)
- Koyama, T., Kodansha Ltd. Tokyo . 1987.
- Kuo, P. C., Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae 9(3): . 1987. (Fl. Reip. Pop. Sin.)
- Osada, T., . 1993.
- Watson, L. and Dallwitz, M. J., CAB International, Wallingford . 1992.
Arundinella 野古草屬
作者
HSU, Chien-Chang
型態特徵
Annuals or perennials; culms terete, hollow or solid, or hollow towards base; ligule represented by a fringe of hairs or a ciliate rim. Blades linear to linear-lanceolate, margins involute when dry, glabrous or with tubercle based hairs. Inflorescence an open or contracted panicle. Spikelets equal, pediceled, solitary or in unequally pedicelate pairs, rarely in triads, 1-or 2-flowered; rachilla not prolonged, with a distinct internode between glumes, articulate between lower lemma and upper lemma; glumes prominently 3-5-nerved, herbaceous; upper glume longer than rest of spikelet, narrowed or sulcate apically; lower lemma herbaceous, 3-7-nerved; lower palea present; upper lemma smaller, chartaceous at maturity, rounded on dorsally, scabrid, sometimes awnless, but usually with a terminal geniculate awn, and with or without 2 much shorter and thinner non-geniculate lateral awns; callus shortly bearded; upper palea thin, 2-nerved; stamens 0-3, anthers oval, oblong or linear; styles 2, free or connate at base, stigmas plumose. Caryopsis free between upper palea and lemma, hilum punctiform.
