Gesneriaceae
苦苣苔科
特徵描述
作者
LI, Zhen-Yu and KAO, Muh-Tsuen
型態特徵
Herbs, shrubs, rarely trees. Leaves opposite, alternate, verticillate or in rosettes, exstipulate. Inflorescences usually cymes, rarely racemes, axillary or pseudoterminal. Flowers perfect, zygomorphic, seldom actinomorphic. Calyx (4-)5-divided. Corolla gamopetalous, usually 2-lipped. Stamens 2–5; anthers free or coherent, thecae 2, parallel, divergent or divaricate; staminodes 1–3 or absent. Disc ringlike to cup-shaped, rarely absent. Ovary superior (all native taxa in Taiwan) to inferior, 1-loculed, placentation parietal, rarely 2-loculed and placentation axile; ovules numerous, anatropous; style 1, terminal; stigmas 1 or 2. Fruit usually a capsule, loculicidally, septicidally, or circumscissilely dehiscent, rarely a berry. Seeds numerous, fusiform to ellipsoid or ovoid, minute, sometimes with appendages at one or both ends, with or without endosperm, embryo straight.
屬
About 142 genera and 3000 species, distributed in tropical and southern Africa, Central and South America, east and south Asia, southern Europe and Oceania; twelve genera with thirteen species in Taiwan
參考文獻
- LI, Zhen-Yu and KAO, Muh-Tsuen. 1998. Flora of Taiwan, second edition 4: 688. (Fl. Taiwan 2nd edit.)
- Kao, M. T. & DeVol, C. E. 1972. Taiwania 17: 142-169.
- Wang, W. T., Pan, K. Y. & Li, Z. Y. 1990. Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae 69: 125-581. (Fl. Reip. Pop. Sin.)
- Wang, W. T., Pan, K.Y.& Li, Z. Y. 1992. Edinburgh Journal of Botany 49: 5-74. (Edinburgh J. Bot.)
Hemiboea 角桐草屬
作者
LI, Zhen-Yu and KAO, Muh-Tsuen
型態特徵
Herbs, perennial, terrestrial, stoloniferous. Stems branched or unbranched, often brown or purple spotted. Leaves opposite, petiolate, simple. Cymes axillary or pseudoterminal, pedunculate; bracts 2, opposite, connate forming a globose or ovoid involucre, apices mucronate. Calyx 5-merous, divided to base, or lobed from middle or above, Corolla white, pink, purple or yellow; tube funnelform-tubular, longer than limb, usually with a ring of hairs inside, seldom glabrous; limb 2-lipped, upper lip 2-lobed, lower lip 3-lobed. Disc ring-like. Stamens included, 2, fertile, adnate to corolla below middle of tube, usually glabrous; filaments narrowly linear or filiform, curved after anthesis; anthers basifixed, coherent apically or ventrally, thecae parallel, not confluent at apex, dehiscing longitudinally; staminodes 2 or 3. Gynoecium included; ovary linear, 2-celled, only posterior cell fertile; stigma truncate, obtuse or capitate. Capsule usually linear-lanceolate, somewhat curved, only posterior cell loculicidally dehiscent. Seeds narrowly elliptic or ovate, often slightly curved, without appendages.
Twenty-three species in southern China, Japan (SW Ryukyu Islands) and northern Vietnam; one species in Taiwan.
