特徵描述
作者
LI, Zhen-Yu and KAO, Muh-Tsuen
型態特徵
Herbs, shrubs, rarely trees. Leaves opposite, alternate, verticillate or in rosettes, exstipulate. Inflorescences usually cymes, rarely racemes, axillary or pseudoterminal. Flowers perfect, zygomorphic, seldom actinomorphic. Calyx (4-)5-divided. Corolla gamopetalous, usually 2-lipped. Stamens 2–5; anthers free or coherent, thecae 2, parallel, divergent or divaricate; staminodes 1–3 or absent. Disc ringlike to cup-shaped, rarely absent. Ovary superior (all native taxa in Taiwan) to inferior, 1-loculed, placentation parietal, rarely 2-loculed and placentation axile; ovules numerous, anatropous; style 1, terminal; stigmas 1 or 2. Fruit usually a capsule, loculicidally, septicidally, or circumscissilely dehiscent, rarely a berry. Seeds numerous, fusiform to ellipsoid or ovoid, minute, sometimes with appendages at one or both ends, with or without endosperm, embryo straight.
屬
About 142 genera and 3000 species, distributed in tropical and southern Africa, Central and South America, east and south Asia, southern Europe and Oceania; twelve genera with thirteen species in Taiwan
參考文獻
- LI, Zhen-Yu and KAO, Muh-Tsuen, Flora of Taiwan, second edition 4: 688. 1998. (Fl. Taiwan 2nd edit.)
- Kao, M. T. & DeVol, C. E., Taiwania 17: 142-169. 1972.
- Wang, W. T., Pan, K. Y. & Li, Z. Y., Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae 69: 125-581. 1990. (Fl. Reip. Pop. Sin.)
- Wang, W. T., Pan, K.Y.& Li, Z. Y., Edinburgh Journal of Botany 49: 5-74. 1992. (Edinburgh J. Bot.)
Epithema 盾座苣苔屬
作者
LI, Zhen-Yu and KAO, Muh-Tsuen
型態特徵
Herbs, terrestrial, annual or perennial, caulescent. Stems unbranched or with short branches. Leaves 1 to few, lower ones alternate, upper ones usually opposite, petiolate or subsessile. Cymes scorpioid, pseudoterminal or axillary, pedunculate, free or coalescent with lower part of leaf, many flowered; bract 1; flowers short-pedicelled. Calyx campanulate, 5-lobed from just above middle, lobes triangular. Corolla blue, reddish or white, tube tubular, longer than limb, limb 2-lipped, upper lip 2-lobed, lower lip 3-lobed. Disc ring-like or 2-lobed. Stamens 2, fertile, included, adnate above middle of corolla tube; filaments linear; anthers apically coherent, thecae divaricate, confluent at apex, longitudinally dehiscent; staminodes 2. Gynoecium included; ovary ovoid to globose, 1-loculed, placentas parietal, 2, projecting inward, 2-cleft; stigma subcapitate. Capsule globose, pericarp membranaceous, dehiscence circumscissile. Seeds fusiform or ellipsoid, spirally striate, without appendages.
