Gesneriaceae
苦苣苔科
特徵描述
作者
LI, Zhen-Yu and KAO, Muh-Tsuen
型態特徵
Herbs, shrubs, rarely trees. Leaves opposite, alternate, verticillate or in rosettes, exstipulate. Inflorescences usually cymes, rarely racemes, axillary or pseudoterminal. Flowers perfect, zygomorphic, seldom actinomorphic. Calyx (4-)5-divided. Corolla gamopetalous, usually 2-lipped. Stamens 2–5; anthers free or coherent, thecae 2, parallel, divergent or divaricate; staminodes 1–3 or absent. Disc ringlike to cup-shaped, rarely absent. Ovary superior (all native taxa in Taiwan) to inferior, 1-loculed, placentation parietal, rarely 2-loculed and placentation axile; ovules numerous, anatropous; style 1, terminal; stigmas 1 or 2. Fruit usually a capsule, loculicidally, septicidally, or circumscissilely dehiscent, rarely a berry. Seeds numerous, fusiform to ellipsoid or ovoid, minute, sometimes with appendages at one or both ends, with or without endosperm, embryo straight.
屬
About 142 genera and 3000 species, distributed in tropical and southern Africa, Central and South America, east and south Asia, southern Europe and Oceania; twelve genera with thirteen species in Taiwan
參考文獻
- LI, Zhen-Yu and KAO, Muh-Tsuen. 1998. Flora of Taiwan, second edition 4: 688. (Fl. Taiwan 2nd edit.)
- Kao, M. T. & DeVol, C. E. 1972. Taiwania 17: 142-169.
- Wang, W. T., Pan, K. Y. & Li, Z. Y. 1990. Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae 69: 125-581. (Fl. Reip. Pop. Sin.)
- Wang, W. T., Pan, K.Y.& Li, Z. Y. 1992. Edinburgh Journal of Botany 49: 5-74. (Edinburgh J. Bot.)
Cyrtandra 偽苦苣苔屬
作者
LI, Zhen-Yu and KAO, Muh-Tsuen
型態特徵
Shrubs, seldom herbs or small trees, terrestrial. Stems branched or unbranched. Leaves opposite, whorled or alternate. Cymes axillary, rarely cauliflorous, 1 to many flowered, pedunculate; bracts 2, opposite, or absent. Flowers pedicellate. Calyx 5-parted, with a short or long tube. Corolla white, yellow, reddish or purplish, campanulate, salverform or funnelform-tubular, limb usually 2-lipped, upper lip 2-lobed, lower lip 3-lobed, rarely actinomorphic, usually much shorter than tube. Disc ring-like, rarely cup shaped. Stamens 2, fertile, usually included; anthers basifixed to dorsifixed, coherent or free, thecae nearly parallel to divergent, confluent or not, dehiscing longitudinally; staminodes 3 or 2, posterior. Ovary ovoid or oblong, 1-locular, placentas 2, parietal, projecting inward, 2-cleft; style longer or shorter than ovary; stigma capitate to 2-lobed. Berry fleshy or leathery, ovoid to oblong. Seeds ellipsoid, smooth, without appendages.
Approximately 600 species, widely distributed in tropical Asia and the Pacific from Great Nicobar Island eastward to Nukuhiva (Margueras Islands), and from Kauai (Hawaii) southward to the Tubuai Islands; one species occurs in Taiwan.
