特徵描述
作者
LI, Zhen-Yu and KAO, Muh-Tsuen
型態特徵
Herbs, shrubs, rarely trees. Leaves opposite, alternate, verticillate or in rosettes, exstipulate. Inflorescences usually cymes, rarely racemes, axillary or pseudoterminal. Flowers perfect, zygomorphic, seldom actinomorphic. Calyx (4-)5-divided. Corolla gamopetalous, usually 2-lipped. Stamens 2–5; anthers free or coherent, thecae 2, parallel, divergent or divaricate; staminodes 1–3 or absent. Disc ringlike to cup-shaped, rarely absent. Ovary superior (all native taxa in Taiwan) to inferior, 1-loculed, placentation parietal, rarely 2-loculed and placentation axile; ovules numerous, anatropous; style 1, terminal; stigmas 1 or 2. Fruit usually a capsule, loculicidally, septicidally, or circumscissilely dehiscent, rarely a berry. Seeds numerous, fusiform to ellipsoid or ovoid, minute, sometimes with appendages at one or both ends, with or without endosperm, embryo straight.
屬
About 142 genera and 3000 species, distributed in tropical and southern Africa, Central and South America, east and south Asia, southern Europe and Oceania; twelve genera with thirteen species in Taiwan
參考文獻
- LI, Zhen-Yu and KAO, Muh-Tsuen, Flora of Taiwan, second edition 4: 688. 1998. (Fl. Taiwan 2nd edit.)
- Kao, M. T. & DeVol, C. E., Taiwania 17: 142-169. 1972.
- Wang, W. T., Pan, K. Y. & Li, Z. Y., Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae 69: 125-581. 1990. (Fl. Reip. Pop. Sin.)
- Wang, W. T., Pan, K.Y.& Li, Z. Y., Edinburgh Journal of Botany 49: 5-74. 1992. (Edinburgh J. Bot.)
Cyrtandra 偽苦苣苔屬
作者
LI, Zhen-Yu and KAO, Muh-Tsuen
型態特徵
Shrubs, seldom herbs or small trees, terrestrial. Stems branched or unbranched. Leaves opposite, whorled or alternate. Cymes axillary, rarely cauliflorous, 1 to many flowered, pedunculate; bracts 2, opposite, or absent. Flowers pedicellate. Calyx 5-parted, with a short or long tube. Corolla white, yellow, reddish or purplish, campanulate, salverform or funnelform-tubular, limb usually 2-lipped, upper lip 2-lobed, lower lip 3-lobed, rarely actinomorphic, usually much shorter than tube. Disc ring-like, rarely cup shaped. Stamens 2, fertile, usually included; anthers basifixed to dorsifixed, coherent or free, thecae nearly parallel to divergent, confluent or not, dehiscing longitudinally; staminodes 3 or 2, posterior. Ovary ovoid or oblong, 1-locular, placentas 2, parietal, projecting inward, 2-cleft; style longer or shorter than ovary; stigma capitate to 2-lobed. Berry fleshy or leathery, ovoid to oblong. Seeds ellipsoid, smooth, without appendages.
