特徵描述
作者
LI, Zhen-Yu and KAO, Muh-Tsuen
型態特徵
Herbs, shrubs, rarely trees. Leaves opposite, alternate, verticillate or in rosettes, exstipulate. Inflorescences usually cymes, rarely racemes, axillary or pseudoterminal. Flowers perfect, zygomorphic, seldom actinomorphic. Calyx (4-)5-divided. Corolla gamopetalous, usually 2-lipped. Stamens 2–5; anthers free or coherent, thecae 2, parallel, divergent or divaricate; staminodes 1–3 or absent. Disc ringlike to cup-shaped, rarely absent. Ovary superior (all native taxa in Taiwan) to inferior, 1-loculed, placentation parietal, rarely 2-loculed and placentation axile; ovules numerous, anatropous; style 1, terminal; stigmas 1 or 2. Fruit usually a capsule, loculicidally, septicidally, or circumscissilely dehiscent, rarely a berry. Seeds numerous, fusiform to ellipsoid or ovoid, minute, sometimes with appendages at one or both ends, with or without endosperm, embryo straight.
屬
About 142 genera and 3000 species, distributed in tropical and southern Africa, Central and South America, east and south Asia, southern Europe and Oceania; twelve genera with thirteen species in Taiwan
參考文獻
- LI, Zhen-Yu and KAO, Muh-Tsuen, Flora of Taiwan, second edition 4: 688. 1998. (Fl. Taiwan 2nd edit.)
- Kao, M. T. & DeVol, C. E., Taiwania 17: 142-169. 1972.
- Wang, W. T., Pan, K. Y. & Li, Z. Y., Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae 69: 125-581. 1990. (Fl. Reip. Pop. Sin.)
- Wang, W. T., Pan, K.Y.& Li, Z. Y., Edinburgh Journal of Botany 49: 5-74. 1992. (Edinburgh J. Bot.)
Chirita 雙心皮草屬
作者
LI, Zhen-Yu and KAO, Muh-Tsuen
型態特徵
Terrestrial herbs, perennial or annual, stemless or caulescent, unbranched or branched above, usually rhizomatous. Leaves basal or opposite, seldom alternate, petiolate or rarely sessile. Cymes axillary, sometimes fused with petiole; pedunculate or sessile; bracts 2, opposite, seldom 3 and whorled or 1. Calyx divided to base to (3-)5-lobed. Corolla purple, blue or white, rarely yellow, tube funnelform-tubular, campanulate or cylindric, limb 2-lipped, shorter than tube, upper lip 2-lobed, lower lip 3-lobed. Disc ring-like; stamens 2, fertile, adnate at or above middle of corolla tube, included, filaments narrowly linear, usually widest above base and attenuate toward both ends, often bent, anthers oblong, coherent, thecae divaricate, confluent, dehiscing longitudinally; staminodes 2 or 3. Gynoecium usually sessile; ovary linear, 1-loculed, placentas (1 or) 2, parietal, or seldom 2-loculed, with 1 axile placenta and 1 sterile anterior locule; stigmas 2, usually only anterior one developed. Capsule linear, loculicidally dehiscent. Seeds elliptic, without appendages.
