作者

LI, Zhen-Yu and KAO, Muh-Tsuen

型態特徵

Herbs, shrubs, rarely trees. Leaves opposite, alternate, verticillate or in rosettes, exstipulate. Inflorescences usually cymes, rarely racemes, axillary or pseudoterminal. Flowers perfect, zygomorphic, seldom actinomorphic. Calyx (4-)5-divided. Corolla gamopetalous, usually 2-lipped. Stamens 2–5; anthers free or coherent, thecae 2, parallel, divergent or divaricate; staminodes 1–3 or absent. Disc ringlike to cup-shaped, rarely absent. Ovary superior (all native taxa in Taiwan) to inferior, 1-loculed, placentation parietal, rarely 2-loculed and placentation axile; ovules numerous, anatropous; style 1, terminal; stigmas 1 or 2. Fruit usually a capsule, loculicidally, septicidally, or circumscissilely dehiscent, rarely a berry. Seeds numerous, fusiform to ellipsoid or ovoid, minute, sometimes with appendages at one or both ends, with or without endosperm, embryo straight.

屬

About 142 genera and 3000 species, distributed in tropical and southern Africa, Central and South America, east and south Asia, southern Europe and Oceania; twelve genera with thirteen species in Taiwan

參考文獻

• LI, Zhen-Yu and KAO, Muh-Tsuen, Flora of Taiwan, second edition 4: 688. 1998.  (Fl. Taiwan 2nd edit.)
• Kao, M. T. & DeVol, C. E., Taiwania 17: 142-169. 1972.
• Wang, W. T., Pan, K. Y. & Li, Z. Y., Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae 69: 125-581. 1990.  (Fl. Reip. Pop. Sin.)
• Wang, W. T., Pan, K.Y.& Li, Z. Y., Edinburgh Journal of Botany 49: 5-74. 1992.  (Edinburgh J. Bot.)